Advantages and key technical measures of egg duck cage

The traditional way of raising ducks is to build a shed on the banks of the reservoir and the river, let the ducks swim freely in the water, feed and lay eggs on the shore. With the changes in climate and environment, the drawbacks of traditional farming have gradually emerged, which not only has low production efficiency, but also seriously pollutes the water environment. In this regard, we learn from the cage cultivation experience of chickens and improve them according to the biological characteristics of ducks. The intensive production of ducks and ducks is carried out.

1 cage egg duck advantage

1.1 Saving feed

Ducks live in cages, limiting the amount of activity and reducing energy consumption, thereby increasing their feed conversion efficiency.

1.2 reduce the incidence of disease

Because the duck does not directly contact the ground, it reduces the infection of the disease, especially duck coccidiosis, duck infectious serositis, colibacillosis and so on. In addition, the diseased ducks can be found in time during the feeding process and given isolation treatment, and the pathogens will not be transmitted in a large group.

1.3 Reduce manure and broken eggs

After the duck eggs are produced, they are rolled onto the egg tray under the trough, not in contact with the ground and feces, which greatly reduces the proportion of fecal eggs, and the duck eggs will not be broken by the duck's activity rolling on the ground.

1.4 Intensive production to improve production efficiency

The caged ducks are generally reared in 2-3 layers without a swimming pool, which not only reduces the amount of water used, but also improves the utilization of the ground. After the manure is cleaned with an automatic manure remover, the duck manure can be concentrated to produce organic fertilizer, increasing most of the economic benefits. Conditional duck farms can automatically feed and automatically collect eggs, which greatly reduces labor intensity and improves production efficiency.

1.5 Control the small environment inside the duck house to provide suitable living conditions

The two sides of the duck house are equipped with roller blinds, which can control the switch and the degree of openness according to the weather conditions, especially in windy and rainy weather. Putting down the roller blind in time can reduce the sudden stress of the duck on the weather. The two ends of the wall can be equipped with a wet curtain and a negative pressure fan, which can lower the temperature inside the house during the hot summer.

1.6 can carry out artificial insemination of breeding ducks to improve fertilization rate

The ratio of male to female can be expanded from 1:5 of natural mating to 1:30-40, reducing the breeding of male ducks and saving production costs; making full use of excellent male ducks to prevent the spread of diseases during mating. In the duck breeding work, each duck is kept in a single cage, and the mating system of the ducks can be controlled by artificial insemination, and each of the eggs is labeled, which is convenient for pedigree recording.

2 duck house

It is important to point out here that caged ducks learn from the techniques of cage chickens, but they also need to be appropriately improved according to the characteristics of ducks. Duck houses are generally divided into brooding, breeding houses and laying houses, and brooding houses and breeding houses can be separated, but in order to save costs, the two are generally combined into one. Because the ducklings are less resistant to disease, the brooding house should be built in the upwind direction. The terrain of the duck house should be flat or slightly sloped, and it should be south or southeast. The construction of the site requires sufficient sunshine, high terrain, good ventilation and convenient drainage. The groundwater level of the site is required to be about 2m below the ground level. The mountainous terrain needs to be leeward and sunny, which not only meets the dominant wind direction in summer, but also prevents the winter cold wind from invading, which can ensure a better external environment for the duck house. The basic requirements of the building are cold and warm, well ventilated, well drained, quiet and reduce stress, preventing rodents, dogs, snakes and other animals from invading, low cost and saving investment. The foundation of the duck house is 10-20cm above the natural ground and has a certain slope to facilitate the discharge of pollution and rain. The duck farm must be 1km away from the village and livestock farms; the transportation is convenient, the water and electricity are sufficient, and the water quality is good.

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2.1 brooding and breeding duck house

The brooding and breeding house generally adopts a semi-closed duck house combining indoor and outdoor sports fields. The indoor part is mainly used for the brooding period insulation and the evening duck rest place. The outdoor sports field is mainly used for duck exercise, swimming and drinking and feeding. Doors are provided for easy manual control. This construction model can reduce production costs and make full use of the building area. This type of brooding and breeding house is best to use the ground level, indoor floor coverings and insulation and lighting facilities, and an additional insulation shed in the brooding period. Outdoor sports grounds, swimming pools, drinking water and feeding equipment will help the ducks maintain a strong physique and clean body surface, laying a good foundation for cage feeding.

Conditional duck farms can also separate brooding duck houses and breeding duck houses, which is more conducive to the management of brooding period and increase the breeding rate. It is best to use a fully enclosed house in the brooding house, with windows on the front and back, and ventilation through the windows depending on the weather. At the same time, ground leveling can be carried out, and multi-layer brooding cages can also be used for brooding. The brooding house is mainly to provide heating and insulation facilities. The breeding duck house and the brooding house mentioned above can be used universally.

2.2 laying duck house

That is to say, caged duck houses are generally located in the downwind direction of brooding and breeding houses. The terrain is required to be dry and well ventilated. There must be sufficient spacing between the two buildings and protective green belts; Road and pollution. The internal layout of the duck house is designed according to the needs of production. The cage arrangement is similar to that of cage laying, but the trough and drinking fountain should be improved to suit the biological and physiological characteristics of the duck. If a fully enclosed duck house is used, wet curtain cooling and vacuum ventilation equipment should be provided on both ends of the wall to reduce the heat stress on the ducks during the hot summer. In order to reduce the construction investment, it is also possible to use the open ventilation design of the front and rear main walls, but the roller blinds are separately provided, so that the ventilation volume can be manually controlled according to the season and climate conditions. In addition, in order to reduce the labor intensity, an automatic manure cleaning machine is generally provided, so that the manure is scraped to the side of the duck house for centralized treatment.

3 feeding management methods

The goals and management methods of feeding in different periods are different. The work and precautions of each stage are described in detail below.

3.1 brooding period

Ducks have relatively weak resistance during brooding, and this time they are mainly engaged in incubation and immunization. Whether it is ground leveling or brooding in a multi-layered brooding cage, the temperature should rise to about 33 °C 2 hours before the chicks, and it should be kept basically stable, not cold and hot. If you use the semi-closed brooding house mentioned above, you should set up a small shed indoors. Note that the shed roof should not be too high. It is advisable for people to bend and walk. The area is determined according to the number of cultures. Shell or sawdust, which is good for heat preservation, it is best not to lay straw, because the straw is too long and easy to entangle, the duckling seedlings are easy to get into and not be found and trampled. If you use infrared bulbs and umbrellas to heat up, you should also prepare heating equipment such as coal stoves, as well as lighting equipment such as charging lamps and candles to prevent sudden power outages and power outages from causing ducks to get together. The duckling has a short fluff and poor temperature regulation, so temperature management is critical. After entering the house, the temperature should be adjusted to 33-35 ° C, and then reduced by 0.5 ° C every day until 18-22 ° C. Don't just look at the thermometer readings. The main point is to observe the distribution of the ducks. The piles indicate that the temperature is low or there is a thief wind; away from the heat source, the temperature is too high. Appropriately increase the temperature during immunization or onset. And pay attention to the temperature inside the house should be as uniform and constant as possible, the different areas should be consistent, the temperature difference between day and night can not exceed 3 °C.

Timely drinking is also very important. When the ducklings arrive, they should drink water immediately. The temperature of the water is 25-30 °C. The water is added with multi-dimensional electrolysis, 5% glucose and preventive medication. It is best to use cold boiled water for 7-10 days. After drinking water for 4 hours, each duckling can be fed with water, and the good feed can be sprinkled on a tray or plastic cloth. After 5 days of age, the U-shaped trough can be gradually transferred. Note: The distance between the drinker and the tray is close to water. The material type is preferably pelletized, and it is preferred to use the pulverized pellets within two weeks. The immune system of ducklings is not yet sound, and it is very vulnerable to pathogens. Therefore, the previous immunization is more intensive, and the immunization program should be based on the local epidemiological history. If brooding is carried out in a brooding house, the door of the shed can be properly opened after two or three weeks to allow the ducklings to enter and exit freely.

3.2 breeding period

From brooding to breeding, the transition mainly includes feed and de-warming. The ducks in the breeding period have certain adaptability to the changes in the environment, and can basically maintain their body temperature by relying on their own heat production. The brooding on the ground can gradually reduce the heating equipment, allowing the ducks to freely enter and exit the insulation shed and the sports field, and then completely remove the temperature from the shed. After completely de-warming, the drinking water and feeding equipment are generally transferred to the sports field. When the weather is fine during the day, the ducks are kept outdoors, and the door is opened in the evening to allow free access. Feed should be gradually transitioned, generally going through a transition period of about one week. In the first 4 days, 2/3 of the brooding material plus 1/3 of the brooding material, and after 3 days, 1/3 of the brooding material plus 2/3 of the brooding material, afterwards Feeding the ingredients. During the breeding period, pay attention to the water that can be changed frequently in the swimming pool, keep the feathers clean and healthy, pay close attention to the incidence of the ducks, find problems and solve them in time, and lay a good foundation for the cage.

3.3 laying period

Egg ducks are generally produced around 120 days of age, but it is observed that eggs can be seen at around 90 days of age, so it is generally started at 80 days of age to give them an adaptation period. The first 5 days after the cage is the most critical. This time, letting the ducks adapt to cage life as soon as possible is the key link in the success of caged ducks. The main work includes the following aspects: (1) Adding electrolysis to the first 3d drinking water in the cage to reduce the stress response during the rotation. 2 After the duck is caged, screw the nipple drinker to the drip water slowly to let the duck know the water source. 3 On the second day, observe the duck in the cage with no reduction or green feces. Adjust the drinking water, let the mouth open and lick it several times on the nipple drinker. 4 On the 34th day, continue to observe the activity of the ducks, pick out the ducks that are difficult to stand or discharge the green manure, put them back into the breeding duck house and let the body rest for about 1 week before implementing the cage. Other ducks that can live normally can have their nipples. The drinker is tight. 5 The duck that has just been caged is best not to refuel, continue to feed the ingredients, and then gradually transition to the egg production after a week or so. 6 Check the condition of the feed frequently. If there is moldy agglomeration, it should be removed in time. 7 In the hot summer, it is best to spray water on the duck body to cool down at noon by means of water pipes. 8 Because the duck is timid and scared, it is necessary to fix the breeder and prohibit outsiders from entering and leaving the duck house. Once the ducks have adapted to cage life, there are basically no other problems. Two weekly disinfection measures can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases.

The above are several important links in caged ducks. They are basically the same as other ducks in the brooding and breeding period. The focus is on the feeding management in the cage, so that the ducks can adapt to the cage life as soon as possible. The key to success or failure. --Chinese poultry