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â–¡ plan
Let go of the placing of electricity business to become the biggest bright spot
The new power reform plan is summarized as “three liberalization, one independent and three reinforcementâ€, that is, in accordance with the institutional structure of “management of the middle and release of the two endsâ€, the competitive price of the competitive links Other than transmission and distribution is orderly released. Dispose of the distribution of electricity business to social capital, orderly liberalize the publicity and regulation of power generation plans, promote the relatively independent and standardized operation of trading institutions, further strengthen government supervision, further strengthen power planning, and further strengthen power security and efficiency. Operation and reliable supply.
Wang Qiang, inspector of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the middle of the management refers to strengthening government supervision and pricing of the transmission and distribution network with natural monopoly properties, ensuring fair and open grid, fair market transactions, and better realizing the grid. Scientific planning, giving full play to the scale efficiency of the power grid and improving management efficiency. The release of the two ends refers to the implementation of market open access on the power generation side and the power sales side, introducing competition, liberalizing the user's choice, forming a market structure of buying more and selling more, and the price is formed by the market, playing a decisive role in market allocation of resources. The institutional framework of managing the middle and releasing the two ends is in line with the basic characteristics of the international power market reform, conforming to China's basic national conditions and development stage, and is also the best way to take into account the market means and the role of government in the power industry.
It is widely believed that the biggest bright spot of the new power reform plan is the “orderly transfer of electricity to the social capital†in the “three releaseâ€, especially the sales of electricity, which is the terminal link of the power industry. The link between the vast majority of consumers and the electricity market is of course the most intricate and difficult part of the interests of all parties. In addition, the new electricity reform program defines the nature of the four links of power generation, transmission, distribution, and electricity sales, especially the definition of the nature of the transmission sector, that is, the grid enterprise. This is the so-called "management in the middle" and is also worth looking forward to.
â–¡ sample
Shenzhen Chengdian changed its first pilot
In January this year, Shenzhen officially launched the pilot project of electricity reform, which was the first pilot city in the country. One of the key tasks of the pilot work is to clarify the cost of transmission and distribution electricity prices, that is, to determine what is the real cost of electricity, to perform cost accounting on grid lines, substation equipment and other transmission and distribution businesses, and to calculate a “reasonable†electricity price.
According to the preliminary estimate of Shenzhen Electric Power Reform, the price of electricity transmission and distribution in Shenzhen will drop by more than one cent per degree in the next three years. In the next three years, the grid company will reduce its revenue by 2.4 billion yuan in Shenzhen. The latest news is that Shenzhen is setting up a private selling power main body, and it is necessary to participate in the open reform of the electricity sales market of the new electric power reform program, which means that the terminal electricity price in Shenzhen may further decline.
In fact, one of the difficulties in power system reform lies in the cost accounting of power transmission and distribution. This is called a black-box zone by the outside world. The power grid company is unwilling to make it clear, and it is not clear to some extent. Because there are a lot of cross-subsidies in the transmission and distribution price, it is difficult to clarify.
To put it simply, industrial and commercial electricity users are generally concentrated and have high voltage levels. This is difficult for power grid companies to lay down power grids, reduce voltage and reduce power transmission losses, so power supply costs are low. The distribution of residential electricity consumption is scattered, especially in some rural areas. It may be necessary to lay special power grid lines, and the residential electricity voltage level is the lowest, so the power supply cost is very high. Therefore, if it is completely determined by the market, the industrial and commercial electricity price should be cheap, and the residential electricity price is expensive. However, our practice is that the industrial and commercial electricity price is high, so as to subsidize the residents' electricity consumption through the government's overall adjustment, there is a large amount of cross-subsidy in the middle. The back-feeding of electricity for industrial and commercial use by urban residents and the back-feeding of urban power grids to rural power grids.
Shenzhen has become a pilot of electricity reform because its economy is highly developed and its urbanization is leading. There is almost no rural power grid in Shenzhen, and there are few cross-subsidies. It is easy to clarify the transmission and distribution tariffs. In addition, the Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau was independent from Guangdong Power Grid three years ago and became a direct subsidiary of China Southern Power Grid. It has more autonomy, and the Shenzhen Municipal Government also has the internal power of electricity reform. It hopes to reduce electricity prices to enterprises in the region. cut costs. These factors have contributed to the rapid advancement of the Shenzhen electric power reform pilot, and Shenzhen has become a relatively easy place for electric power reform.
But at the same time, whether the experience of Shenzhen's electricity reform can be promoted to other places, and whether it has broad reference significance has become the focus of the outside world. Professor Zeng Ming of North China Electric Power University said that the Shenzhen electric power reform pilot is relatively easy, but it is not so easy to promote it to other regions. It takes a long process, but in general, the exploration and experience gained in Shenzhen are very valuable.
â–¡ Interpretation
Electrical reforms face contradictions and problems due to the development of the power industry
In 2002, the "Power System Reform Plan" decided to implement market-oriented reforms in the power industry, proposing a four-step approach of "separating factories and networks, bidding online, breaking monopolies, and introducing competition", and then splitting the national power company into the national grid [ Weibo] and China Southern Power Grid two power grid companies, China Huaneng, Datang, Huadian, China Guodian and China Power Investment Corporation, five power generation groups, and four auxiliary industry group companies. After 13 years of reform, the power industry has broken the system of exclusive power management, and initially formed a diversified competition pattern for the main body of the power market.
The new electricity reform program affirmed the electricity reform 13 years ago. It is believed that since the implementation of the power system reform in 2002, the electricity price formation mechanism has been gradually improved, and the power generation benchmark price has been implemented in the power generation link. In some provinces, the transmission and distribution prices have introduced policies such as differential electricity prices, punitive electricity prices, and residential ladder prices in the sales chain.
At the same time, the development of the power industry still faces some contradictions and problems. Among them, the lack of trading mechanism and the fact that the market-based pricing mechanism has not yet been fully formed are still prominent, which has made the decisive role of market allocation resources difficult to play. Energy-saving and efficient environmental protection units cannot be fully utilized, and water abandonment, wind abandonment and light abandonment sometimes occur. In addition, the current electricity price management is still dominated by government pricing. Electricity price adjustment often lags behind cost changes. It is difficult to timely and reasonably reflect electricity consumption costs, market supply and demand, resource scarcity and environmental protection expenditures. Therefore, it is urgent to push forward the reform of the power system.
In the 2002 "Power System Reform Plan", in addition to the first step "separate the plant and network" due to the rapid implementation of the split, the last three steps basically belong to the original step. The reason for the outside world to stagnate the previous round of power reforms pointed to the two grid companies, because in the four main links of power generation, transmission, distribution and sales, the grid companies took the last three, forming a monopoly.
Wang Minmin, deputy director of the National Energy Administration, said in an interview with the media that the focus of the power system reform is to solve five problems: First, to restore the attributes of electric power products, form a mechanism for determining electricity prices by the market, and guide resources to effectively develop with price signals. And rational use. The second is to build a power market system and promote the optimization of power resources in a larger scope. The third is to support the development of clean energy and promote the optimization of energy structure. The fourth is to gradually break the monopoly, orderly liberalize the competitive business, mobilize the enthusiasm of social investment, especially private capital, and promote the diversification of market entities. The fifth is to transform government functions, further simplify administration and decentralization, and strengthen power generation planning.
Industry comments on social capital participation rules and supporting
Wang Qiang believes that the market players involved in the new power reform can get many reform dividends. First, power generation companies can increase their competitiveness and strive for more power generation and revenue by reducing production costs and improving production efficiency. Second, grid companies will change the traditional profit model by repositioning grid functions and grid revenue mechanisms. The grid enterprise management objectives are more clear and more focused on improving efficiency; the third is to allow all types of capital to enter the power sales field and the new power distribution field, which will bring new potential profit opportunities to these capitals; fourth, stimulate the establishment of competition mechanism Power grid enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency, fully protect the rights and interests of users; Fifth, power users are more convenient to use electricity, industrial and commercial power users have the right to choose independently, will enhance the bargaining power in the market, and improve the quality of power supply services, user rights can be Get better protection.
However, it is not an easy task for the market participants involved in the reform to receive dividends. Professor Zeng Ming of North China Electric Power University believes that how to build a market for electricity sales is the key to determining the success of the new power reform. Otherwise, it is very likely that it will only manage the middle, and the release of the two ends will be delayed, so the new electricity reform is very It may be as stagnant as the round of electricity reform 13 years ago. Some insiders pointed out that the new electricity reform program emphasizes "orderly" in the process of opening up to the market, which indicates that this round of power industry reform is prudent and gradual compared with 13 years ago, and it is not blindly split. At the moment, the new power reform plan is still a relatively large framework. Various market entities, especially social capital, need to participate in it, and further rules and supporting plans are needed. In order to obtain dividends, it is necessary. In particular, the grid companies that have been touched by cheese have seriously implemented the new electricity reform program.
In fact, according to the industry's natural monopoly attributes from strong to weak, in turn should be oil, electricity, telecommunications. From the upstream exploration and mining, to the intermediate pipeline transportation and refining, to the downstream gas stations, PetroChina and Sinopec [microblogging] almost complete the entire industrial chain, but Sinopec has passed since last year.
The self-reform of self-reform began to introduce social capital into the reform of the mixed ownership system in the downstream gas station business. The telecommunications industry has also gradually evolved from the original three mobile offices, China Unicom and telecommunications to the current tower company responsible for network facilities, and the downstream virtual operators responsible for integration and resale. In a sense, the power sales company that will be born after the sale of electricity is released is similar to the virtual operator of the telecom industry, and will provide consumers with more diverse and often more affordable electricity packages. Of course, virtual operators are now in a semi-dead state of survival, and they also have questions about whether market players can really get the reform dividend from the sales of electricity.
â–¡ influence
Industrial and commercial electricity prices or the decline in residential electricity prices have little effect
Although the new power reform program is still a big framework, the impact on the upstream and downstream has already begun to appear after the direction is determined. Last week, the power sector in the stock market rose overall, with several power stocks trading daily. Some industrial and commercial operators have calculated that the cost of electricity consumption will be reduced after the implementation of the new electricity reform.
>>Business and industry electricity
Large factory annual electricity saving fee of millions
Lao Hu is a native of Zhejiang. He opened a small restaurant in Chaoyang District of Beijing. It has been almost ten years. He said that he did not notice the new electricity reform plan. The stock of Guiguan Power in his hand has risen more than 30 in the past two weeks. %, later on the Internet to see that this is the light of the concept of new electricity reform, many power-related stocks are rising.
Lao Hu said that the price of electricity in his restaurant is about 1 yuan per kWh. The cost of electricity is still very low. The summer restaurant will open air conditioners, and the electricity used will be a little more, but it can be neglected in operating costs.
For a factory that produces LCD panels in Shenzhen, the new electricity reform can save a lot of cost. The plant's operating executives said that if the industrial electricity consumption after the new electricity reform is reduced, the impact on the industry will be great. According to its introduction, Shenzhen has already started a pilot project for electricity reform, saying that industrial electricity will be reduced by more than one cent per degree, and it is estimated that the factory he works for can save about 3 million yuan in electricity costs a year, and According to the spirit of the new electricity reform program, if the power contract is directly signed with the power plant, the electricity price can be cheaper and more. The executive said that although the cost reduction of several million yuan is not a big deal for a large factory with annual revenues of over 100 million yuan, it can save 100,000 yuan for small factories in cities like Shenzhen and Dongguan. The electricity bill, the wages of many workers came out.
>>Resident
Electricity prices are currently unchanged
Ms. Liu, who works in the public sector, is also very concerned about the electricity price after the new electricity reform. She said that from the daily media reports, the power industry is also known as the "Electric Boss", which is a monopoly industry. If the new electricity reform can make the price of electricity for residents decline, then it would be better.
In fact, in the terminal electricity price market, it is divided into two parts: industrial and commercial electricity price and residential electricity price. The former has high electricity price, high profit and accounts for 80% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society. The latter is closely related to the life of the residents. The government price is relatively cheap. .
Some insiders pointed out that after the new power reform, with the increase in the market segment of the power sales segment, the higher-profit industrial and commercial electricity prices may decline. Of course, the decline in power per kWh may be only a few cents, but it will inevitably reduce the cost of industrial and commercial users and improve The profit of the enterprise. The residential electricity price has been relying on government subsidies and corporate losses to drive down prices. Although the company has the impulse to raise prices, the new electricity reform program has clearly guaranteed residents, agriculture, and important public utilities (2946.284, 15.88, 0.54%) and public welfare. Electricity prices such as sex services are relatively stable, and people's livelihood is effectively guaranteed. Therefore, the price of electricity for residents will remain unchanged. Of course, in the long run, according to the large requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction, the price of electricity for residents is expected to rise.
>>Grid Corporation
Or will change from a profitable unit to a public
In addition, the biggest impact of the new electricity reform program is undoubtedly the power grid company. According to the statement of the new power reform plan, “the grid enterprises no longer use the Internet and sales electricity price spread as the main source of income, but charge the network fee according to the government's approved transmission and distribution price†and “regulate the grid enterprise investment and asset management behaviorâ€.
Liu Manping, director of the China Economic Association, pointed out that this is equivalent to clearly defining the channel intermediary function of the grid company. The grid company will lose its non-enterprise and non-market functions, and its profit model will be changed from the former profitable unit. Utilities. In the future, the power grid will be a highway. The traffic flow will not be taken care of where it comes from, but it will only be responsible for collecting the tolls, and this charging standard will be determined by the government. In addition, the grid company now involves investment in non-main industries such as real estate, finance, and media. In the future, these will be regulated, controlled, and even required to withdraw.
>>Power grid workers
Those who have "prophetic vision" left their jobs
A senior executive of the power grid company, who did not want to be named, told reporters that the company has been actively cooperating to promote the electric power reform work. There is no such thing as the power reform will damage the interests of the power grid enterprises.
However, a middle-level cadre of the Northern Regional Power Grid Company told reporters that a few of the old classmates who worked for the Southern Province and the State Grid Corporation had a few departures and started their business. The direction was to use the Internet big data to provide intelligent power supply solutions, but now there is no line; Some of them have received invitations from companies, and they have also moved their minds. Those companies are doing business related to local power supply bureaus. The department-level cadres said that although the electricity sales business will not be released at once, it is an opportunity for some people who are familiar with the business.
Some insiders pointed out that the biggest bright spot in the new power reform plan is that the electricity sales business is open to the public. What companies care about is which companies will first obtain the electricity sales license. There are a lot of questions to be solved in the middle. For example, to what extent will the grid company's people or companies related to the grid companies “get near the water first monthâ€, if that, the sale of electricity sales may flow in Forms, even the emergence of interests, breeding corruption, so that those "near water towers" first received the dividend of power reform.
After the electricity reform, the industrial and commercial electricity prices or declines attempt to break the monopoly of the power grid.
Abstract Recently, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further deepening the electricity system" (hereinafter referred to as the new electricity reform program), which is following the issue "Electricity System Reform Program" under the State Council in 2002, after a lapse of 13 years to re-open A new round of changes to the power industry...
Recently, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of the Power System" (hereinafter referred to as the New Power Reform Plan). This is the second time that the State Council issued the "Power System Reform Plan" in 2002 and reopened after a lapse of 13 years. A new round of reforms in the power industry. The new power reform emphasizes “management of the middle and release of the two endsâ€. The orderly release of the electricity distribution business to social capital has become the biggest highlight of the current power reform program, marking that China’s traditional profit model of the power grid company has been broken. Affected by this, some industrial and commercial operators have calculated that after the implementation of new electricity reform, the cost of electricity will decrease, which will save the company a lot of costs. However, some power strategists who have been hit by the new power reform plan have moved their minds and some people are ready to seize. Opportunity to fight under the sea.