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Centrifugal pump principle of work and the introduction of the main components (Figure)
First, the working principle of centrifugal pump 1, the working principle of centrifugal pump Centrifugal pump impeller installed in the pump housing 2, and fastened on the pump shaft 3, the pump shaft directly driven by the motor. The pump housing has a liquid suction 4 and suction pipe 5 connected. The liquid enters the pump through the bottom valve 6 and the suction tube. The liquid discharge port 8 in the pump housing is connected to the discharge pipe 9. Before starting the centrifugal pump, the pump housing filled with liquid being transported; start, start, the impeller driven by the shaft at high speed rotation, the fluid between the blades must also be with the rotation. Under the action of centrifugal force, liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the outer edge and gains energy, leaving the outer edge of the impeller to enter the scroll casing at a high speed. In the volute, the liquid due to the gradual expansion of the slowing down, but also part of the kinetic energy into static pressure, and finally to a higher pressure into the discharge pipe, to the required place. When the liquid flows from the impeller center to the outer edge, a certain vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller. Since the pressure above the liquid level in the sump is greater than the pressure at the inlet of the pump, the liquid is continuously pressed into the impeller. Visible, as long as the impeller constantly rotating, the liquid will be continuously inhaled and discharged. Figure 2-1: Centrifugal pump device diagram 2, gas tied phenomenon When there is air in the pump housing, due to the air density is much smaller than the liquid density and produce less centrifugal force. Thus, the tank above the liquid level and the pump inlet pressure difference is not enough to liquid storage tank pressure into the pump, that is, centrifugal pump without self-suction capacity, so that the centrifugal pump can not deliver liquid, a phenomenon called "gas tied phenomenon". In order to fill the pump with liquid, a bottom valve with strainer is usually installed at the bottom of the suction pipe. The bottom valve is a check valve. The filter serves to prevent the solid matter from entering the pump and damaging the impeller or impeding the normal operation of the pump. Second, the main components of the centrifugal pump The main components of the centrifugal pump impeller, pump housing and shaft seal device. 1, the role of the impeller impeller is the mechanical energy directly to the liquid to increase the hydrostatic pressure and kinetic energy (mainly to increase static pressure). Impellers generally have 6 to 12 blades after bending. Impeller open, semi-closed and closed three, as shown in Figure 2-2. Figure 2-2 Centrifugal pump impeller Schematic Open impeller on both sides of the blade without cover, easy to manufacture, easy to clean, suitable for conveying material containing a large amount of suspended solids, less efficient, the pressure of liquid delivery is not high; half Closed impeller on the suction side of the cover without cover, and the other side of the cover, suitable for conveying sediment or particles containing materials, the efficiency is lower; closed impeller in the blade on both sides of the front and rear cover , High efficiency, suitable for conveying clean liquids without impurities. Most of the centrifugal pump impeller for such. Impeller has a single suction and double suction two suction method. 2, pump casing The role of the pump casing is enclosed in a certain space impeller, in order to impeller role in the suction and out of the liquid. Pump casing made of spiral shape, it is also known as the volute. Due to the gradual enlargement of the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow passage, the high-speed liquid thrown out from the impeller gradually reduces the flow velocity and effectively converts part of the kinetic energy into static pressure energy. Pump housing not only brings together the liquid thrown by the impeller, but also an energy conversion device. 3, shaft seal device The role of shaft seal device is to prevent liquid leakage within the pump casing along the shaft or outside air leakage into the pump housing. Common shaft seal packing seal and mechanical seal two. Fillers are generally impregnated with oil or asbestos rope coated with graphite. The main purpose of the mechanical seal is to achieve the purpose of sealing by the relative movement between the moving ring mounted on the shaft and the stationary ring fixed on the pump casing.