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Commercial lighting is a term used to describe lighting that is used in commercial spaces, including auto dealerships, distribution centers, churches, factories, offices, and warehouses. Unlike residential lighting, commercial lighting is made to withstand more abuse and has a longer lifespan.
While the focus of residential lighting is often on aesthetics, commercial lighting is task orientated. Commercial lighting systems are designed based on what the application is. For example, in an office-type setting, you may see task lighting, which illuminates specific areas where employees need concentrated light to be able to perform their jobs.
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The wettable powder is a dosage form which uses a pesticide original drug, an inert filler and a certain amount of auxiliary agent, and is sufficiently mixed and pulverized in proportion to achieve a certain fineness of the powder. From the shape point of view, it is indistinguishable from the powder, but due to the addition of humectants, dispersants and the like, it can be wetted, dispersed, and formed into a suspension after being added to water, and can be sprayed. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, the temperature-sensitive powder has low production cost and can be packaged in paper or plastic bags. It is convenient and safe to store and transport. The packaging materials are easier to handle. More importantly, the wettable powder does not use solvents and emulsifiers. It is safe to use before the fruit is bagged to avoid the stimulation of the fruit surface by organic solvents. Commonly used varieties are: 10% imidacloprid powder, 70% methyl thiophanate powder, 80% of Dasheng.
2. Water dispersible granules
The water-dispersible granules are prepared by mixing solid pesticides with moisturizing agents, dispersing agents, thickeners and other auxiliary agents and fillers, rapidly disintegrating in water, and dispersed as a suspending agent. The water-dispersible granule has the characteristics of good fluidity, convenient use, good storage stability, high content of active ingredients, and the advantages of wettable powder and suspending agent. The active ingredient of the water-dispersible granules is generally from 50% to 90%, for example, 50% of imidacloprid water-dispersible granules and the like.
3. Suspension
Suspensions are also called suspensions. A viscous flowable suspension prepared by ultra-fine pulverization of water by using a solid pesticide base powder which is insoluble in water and a surfactant, using water as a medium. Compared with wettable powder, it has the characteristics of small particle diameter, no dust pollution, strong penetrating power and high efficacy. It has the advantages of both wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate, and can be mixed with water.
Note: After long-term storage, the suspension may be precipitated due to the sinking of suspended particles. It must be shaken sufficiently to resuspend the lower particles to ensure the efficacy, for example 40% carbendazim. Suspension and the like.
4. Cream
Emulsified oil is a transparent liquid prepared by dissolving water-insoluble original drug, organic solvent stupid, xylene, etc. and emulsifier. It is generally not turbid, stratified and precipitated after being sealed and stored at room temperature for two years. It is quickly and evenly dispersed in water. An opaque emulsion. The organic solvent used in the preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate is a flammable product, and safety should be paid attention to during storage and transportation. The characteristics of emulsifiable concentrate are: high efficacy, convenient application and stable nature. Because of the long history of emulsifiable concentrate and mature processing technology, it has many varieties, large yield and wide application range. It is a major dosage form of pesticides in China. The active ingredient content of the emulsifiable concentrate is generally between 20% and 90%. Common varieties are: 10% triadimefon EC, 25% scorpion chlorate, 25% hunted emulsifiable concentrate, 20% daisy emulsifiable concentrate.
Note: The organic solvent in the cream formulation has a stimulating effect on the young fruit of apple and pear, which can increase the surface pores and reduce the smoothness of the fruit surface. It is recommended that the bagging should not be applied as much as possible, especially some sensitive tree species and varieties.
5. Water agent
Any pesticide that dissolves in water and does not decompose in water can be formulated as a salt water agent. The aqueous agent is an aqueous solution of the original pesticide, and the agent is uniformly dispersed in water in a state of being separated or in a molecular state. The concentration of the drug depends on the water solubility of the original drug, and generally the maximum solubility thereof is diluted with water when used. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, the water agent does not require an organic solvent, and can be sprayed by adding an appropriate amount of a surfactant, which has less environmental pollution, a simple manufacturing process, and a good drug effect, and is a dosage form which should be developed in the future. Common varieties are: 2% avidin water, 40% amphetamine water and so on.
6, thick emulsion
The thick emulsion is also called water emulsion. It is made of water-insoluble pesticide, emulsifier, dispersant, stabilizer, thickener, cosolvent and water. It is an oil-in-water emulsion with opaque appearance. The oil beads are 0.2 to 2 microns in diameter. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, it has the advantages of saving solvent and less environmental pollution, and its efficacy is comparable to that of emulsifiable concentrate. It is a new formulation with promising prospects. The preparation is diluted with water and used.
7. Microemulsion
Microemulsion is made of emulsifier, antifreeze and water. It is a transparent or translucent liquid. It overcomes the shortcomings of using a large amount of organic solvent in emulsifiable concentrate. Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, it is safe to store, transport and use. Small, the irritant is small. Use before the fruit is bagged to avoid damage to the young fruit by the emulsifiable concentrate.
Since the formed emulsion granules are very small in diameter, the white emulsion formed when the emulsifiable concentrate is formed with water is not seen when used with water, and thus is also called water-based emulsifiable concentrate and solubilized emulsifiable concentrate, and the dispersed particles of the medicament have a diameter of 0.01 to 0.1 μm. Common varieties are: 16% high-efficiency inulin microemulsion, 4.5% high-chlorine microemulsion.
Source of information: Sichuan Agricultural Economic Net
Dosage forms and characteristics of commonly used pesticides in orchards
Wettable powder
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