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First, the harm of unfertilized organic fertilizer to fruit trees
1. Burning roots Most of the farmyard manure is derived from animal manure. When these organic fertilizers are not decomposed, their nutrient status is slow-acting and cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by the roots of fruit trees. If they are applied, in the process of underground decomposing, heat is easily generated to cause root burns (commonly known as "burning roots"). Cause root rot.
2. The nutrient release is not synchronized with the tree body. For example, in the autumn, unfertilized organic fertilizer is applied, and it takes a long time to rot in the ground due to low soil temperature. In the spring of the second year, the tree needs a lot of nutrients, and the limited organic nutrients released by the slowly decomposed organic fertilizer can not meet the needs of the tree. At the same time, in the process of decomposing, the microorganisms also consume some of the original nutrients (such as nitrogen fertilizer) in the roots of the fruit trees, and the trees often show malnutrition. After entering the summer and autumn, the rainfall increased, the ground temperature increased rapidly, the rate of decomposing increased significantly, and more organic nutrients that could be absorbed by the tree were released, resulting in accelerated tree growth, a large number of strips, poor fruit coloration, and excessive nutrient growth. The flower bud differentiation ability is poor, so that a large amount of organic nutrients are wasted, and the nutrient supply of the tree is out of balance. Some people have investigated the excavation of orchards that have been applied to raw manure, and found that some of the manure is still in its original state after three years.
3, it is easy to attract pests that are underground wintering. Unfertilized organic fertilizer has a large amount of animal organic matter, so it is an ideal wintering place for many fruit tree pests. It is especially easy to attract the chafer (蛴螬), peach small heartworm, è – è –, 舟-shaped caterpillar, pear flower è½, etc. Pest control is extremely unfavorable.
2. Stacking and application of organic fertilizer
When stacking unfertilized organic fertilizer, the composting site should be selected in the leeward, sunny, and high-lying areas. The agricultural film or cement floor should be placed on the composting ground. The livestock manure in the farmyard must be broken and the straw should be broken. The mash is crushed below 5 cm, and about 3% of the superphosphate and the soil are mixed and piled up. The addition of superphosphate is mainly to prevent the loss of nitrogen in organic fertilizers and to increase the activity of microorganisms. After the pile is completed, the surface is flattened with a spade, covered with mud for about 10 cm thick or covered with agricultural film, and the surrounding is pressed tightly to create an oxygen-deficient environment, so that it can be decomposed as soon as possible. The farmyard can be fermented in about 60 days. When the color of the organic fertilizer changes from the original gray to purple and black, the texture is loose and there is a foul smell, it means that it has been decomposed and should be applied to the orchard in time. When fully fermented organic fertilizer is applied to the orchard, the outer part of the canopy should be selected for vertical projection, and the fertilization ditch with a width of 30-40 cm and a depth of 30-40 cm should be excavated, and the organic fertilizer and the appropriate fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer) and topsoil After mixing, put it into the bottom of the fertilization ditch, and finally cover it with the bottom layer of the soil that has been turned out, or carry it out in the whole garden, and then turn it into the soil layer after spreading.
Source: Shandong Science and Technology News Author: Tianyu Fu
Fruit trees are applied to organic fertilizers.
Fruit trees need balanced supply of nutrients. Although the nutrients in organic fertilizers are very rich, the proportion and content of NPK cannot fully satisfy the growth requirements of fruit trees. Especially in the process of composting of organic fertilizer, the nitrogen content will further decrease. If the application of organic fertilizer is sufficient to meet the nitrogen requirement, phosphorus and potassium will be excessive, causing waste; if phosphorus and potassium meet the needs of fruit trees Nitrogen fertilizer is not enough. Therefore, the simple application of organic fertilizer can not meet the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fruit trees, and should be applied in combination with chemical fertilizers.
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