Guiding Opinions on Summer Sowing Corn Production Technology in Huanghuaihai Area in 2017

Recently, there have been many strong precipitation weather processes in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, which effectively alleviated the current drought situation and facilitated the sowing of corn in summer. In response to the climate characteristics and market demand of the Huanghuaihai area this year, the Ministry of Agriculture's corn expert guidance team and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center have proposed to provide guidance on summer maize production technology in the Huanghuaihai area this year.

First, the scientific variety layout, tuning planting structure

Consolidate the foundation of corn planting in the dominant production areas, and develop silage corn and fresh corn according to local conditions. Scientifically select and rationally match corn varieties that have been approved by the state or at the provincial level for local cultivation. In the northern part of Huanghuaihai, the varieties with good early maturity, tolerance to drought, stable drought and stable yield, and suitable for harvesting are selected. In the central and southern regions, the varieties with suitable maturity, tolerance, and dehydration are fast, and suitable for grain harvesting. Silage corn production should choose high-quality special-purpose or grain-feeding type varieties with moderate growth period, high biological yield, excellent silage quality, disease resistance and resistance to reversal. The production of fresh corn should be selected from marketable, suitable growth period, high yield and stability, strong resistance to disease and stress, and excellent food quality.

Second, improve the quality of sowing, build a reasonable group

(1) Select high-quality seeds. On the basis of selecting excellent varieties, the formal business department that has complete the three certificates (seed business license, business license, seed quality certificate), select high quality coating with high germination rate, strong vitality and suitable for single grain precision sowing. seed. Silage corn is determined according to the order production and the requirements of the dairy industry to determine whether to carry out seed coating treatment.

(2) Grasp the early broadcast when grabbing. "Spring fights for the day, summer fights." After harvesting, the summer wheat will be planted in summer, and in the south-central region, before June 15th, the northern region will try to complete the planting before June 20th, and strive for more calorie resources for growth and development. Fresh corn should be planted more than 300 meters away from other types of corn when planted in non-isolated plains; or by sowing seeding, sowing seeds with other types of corn for about 25 days to avoid smashing.

(3) Mechanical broadcast live broadcast. Grain and silage corn can be planted by mechanical precision seed drill, 60 cm and other row spacing planting to improve the quality of seeding operations. After sowing, timely suppress the sputum, pay attention to the proper distance between the seed and the fertilizer to prevent burning or burning. Fresh corn can be appropriately increased in seeding.

(4) Determine the reasonable density. According to the characteristics of the variety, the ground conditions, the level of cultivation management, etc., the appropriate planting density is determined. The grain corn is about 4,500 seedlings per mu in the general plot, and the density of high-yield fields can be appropriately increased. Silage corn is about 5,000 seedlings per mu, and fresh corn is protected by 3000-3500 plants per mu.

Third, strengthen field management and do a good job in scientific prevention and control

(1) Chemically closed weeding. After the corn is planted, the chemical closure and weeding are carried out in time when the soil moisture is suitable or after the “Mengtou water” is poured. Or after emergence, use suitable herbicides for weeding. Standardize the spraying method and dosage to avoid heavy spray, leaking spray and phytotoxicity.

(2) Formulation balanced fertilization. Scientific fertilization is carried out according to the production target, soil fertility, etc., and the conditional areas can be used for balanced fertilization of soil testing formula. The former glutinous wheat straw returning field is mainly applied with nitrogen fertilizer, with a certain amount of potassium fertilizer, and supplemented with appropriate amount of micro-fertilizer. Among them, 1/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer and all the potash fertilizer and micro-fertilizer were applied in the lateral application at the time of sowing, and the remaining 2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied to the side of the small bell mouth before and after the mechanical ditching side for about 10 cm. The flower grain stage can be supplemented with nitrogen fertilizer according to the growth of the plant.

(3) Suitable for managing water. Yellow-Huaihai summer-sowed corn is generally recommended for rain-fed cultivation, and if the key growth period is severely drought-prone, water-saving irrigation can be moderately carried out. When the soil is insufficient at the time of sowing, it can be sown first, and then the “Mengtou Water” should be replenished in time. If there is water in the seedling period, it should be drained in time to prevent buds and nurseries.

(4) Control pests and diseases in a timely manner. Before sowing, combined with soil closure, weeding and spraying of insecticidal and ovicidal agents, killing the residual pests of the two-pointed moth, gray planthopper, thrips and other pests on the wheat aphid, closely monitoring the occurrence and damage dynamics of corn borer, and strengthening prevention and control. In order to ensure the safe consumption of fresh corn and avoid the use of chemical pesticides, corn mites can be controlled by organisms such as Trichogramma and Beauveria bassiana.

(5) Chemical regulation and prevention. For corn plots with large planting density, excessive growth, and frequent occurrences of windstorms, suitable plant growth regulators can be sprayed to increase the lodging resistance of the plants.

Fourth, the harvest is carried out in a timely manner to ensure high yield and quality

For grain corn, under the condition of sown wheat sown without serious influence, according to grain filling process and grain milk line condition, it is suitable for late harvest, mechanical harvesting of ear or straight grain, and drying in time after harvest to prevent mildew. Fresh corn is generally harvested about 20 days after pollination. The optimum harvest period of silage corn is from the end of milky stage to the early stage of waxy ripening. The position of the milk line of the grain is used as the criterion. The milk line is harvested at 1/2 to 1/3, and the silage is timely after harvest. (National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Corn Experts Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture)