People may think that the battery is the most humble product in the entire technology field, but it may drive the future of this world. The smart phones have become thinner and thinner, but the used battery technology has not yet been upgraded. In the pursuit of extreme design, the constant size battery is stuffed into a body that is not much thicker than that. The consequences can be imagined. Similarly, the notebook's processor will be upgraded almost every two years or even a year, but the battery capacity is only a little more than before. Lithium batteries are the most commonly used in life. The biggest problem with lithium batteries is that they are easily damaged . If you have a Nokia mobile phone that you don't use for a long time, the battery is exhausted, and suddenly one day nostalgia, find it full of electricity, and while you wait for it to light the screen, this deep discharge and recharge will Lithium batteries are subject to significant physical damage. Over time, this can damage the performance of the battery. Of course, the daily charge and discharge will also accelerate the damage of the lithium battery as the number of times increases. However, in the future power supply scenario, the battery is indispensable, and electric vehicles, industrial-scale solar farms, and the like cannot be separated from the battery. In the past five years, the cost of storing energy has fallen by half, and more and more large companies have started to invest in technology. The most representative is the Tesla “gigagactory†battery factory. Lithium batteries, which are most commonly used in people's daily lives, are still expensive and unstable. For this reason, more and more new types of fuel cells have been under development. Want a cheap but not explosive battery, but... "The biggest problem is still the high price of the battery ," said Eric Rohlfing, deputy director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E, the US government agency responsible for promoting and funding advanced energy technologies). . According to a survey conducted by Nature magazine in 2012, Americans only pay about US$13 a month on average to ensure that renewable energy is used to supply power, so batteries can no longer increase their prices. With regard to electricity usage in public facilities, the average American payment level for power supply means that if grid-level energy storage is provided, its cost cannot exceed 100 US dollars per kilowatt-hour. Since the Obama administration took office in 2009, ARPA-E has invested US$85 million to develop new batteries that can achieve this goal. However, the goal of " 100 US dollars per kWh " is almost ridiculous in the electricity industry. As of now, even the goal of $700 per kWh has not yet been reached. Although the above goals have not been achieved until now, it has become the goal of the entire power energy industry. In addition, cheap energy is not necessarily reliable. Renewable energy may not be reliable in terms of continuous power supply. If the demand for electricity suddenly increases, it is unrealistic to use solar power on a large scale. The peak of solar power supply is during the day, and its power supply capacity changes with the movement of the cloud. At night, only the amount stored in the daytime remains. The predictability of wind power is even lower. The use of renewable energy for power generation has made the grid unstable and the possibility of an explosion is not high, but it may lead to more frequent power outages. It is no easy task to create a cheap and reliable battery. Someone is working hard for new batteries “We haven’t had better electric cars because we don’t have the right batteries,†said Sadowy of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Saduweui has experience in the smelting of aluminum metal. He wonders whether the process of smelting aluminum can be a model for a new type of battery . The smelting of aluminum is a very cheap and energy-intensive process through which pure metal can be removed from the ore. But the point is not to grab metal, but the whole process. In Sadehwe's opinion, if the entire process of capturing metal can be looped in a closed environment, the energy generated during this process may be stored and used. He calls this a “ melting battery †. However, in the above process , the temperature of the “melting battery†will reach 471°C, which is only slightly lower than the temperature of the car engine. Therefore, it is appropriate that the “melting battery†is used as the engine of the electric vehicle . In addition to overheating issues, another more practical issue is ─ R & D funding. Even in the early stages of the project's development, both ARPA-E and the French oil giant Total received funding, but the new technology needed for the follow-up studies is quite expensive. In the face of fast-paced internet start-ups, venture capitalists have little incentive to invest funds into industrial or engineering projects because profits are too low. Perhaps this is also the reason for the slow development of battery technology. New battery initial results In addition, in the new battery research project funded by APRA-E, the batteries developed by Aquion from Pittsburgh are the most commercially viable and competitive. This new type of battery is called a " saltwater battery ". The battery is the closest to the cheap and reliable product mentioned before . The salt, stainless steel and cotton used in Aquion's "brine battery" are abundant and easy to obtain. The resources, and none of these materials have the risk of lithium batteries . In addition to being non-flammable and non-corrosive, the main manufacturing equipment for "brine-water batteries" comes from the food packaging industry. Assembling batteries is as simple as putting cookies into a box. Currently, Aquion's battery has been on the market for nearly 3 years and is used in both home and utility scenarios. It has deployed 35 MWh of electricity storage worldwide. In some areas and buildings, after using “saline battery†power supply, because of their low price and safety, they did not choose to return to the fossil fuel power supply, but continued to use the former. Even if Aquion's new batteries are used in a few areas, for many people, developing batteries is not a good job. As already mentioned, profits are low and investors are not interested; in addition, the R&D battery is not “cool†at all. Matt Maroon, a researcher from Aquion, has been in this field since 2002, and he was the youngest person in the team for a long time, because no more people are willing to do battery research and development. However, 15 years later, the situation has changed. The number of people who have developed batteries has gradually increased, and Matt is no longer the youngest one. People realize that the use of electrical energy is a development trend. It can help improve the environment and increase the efficiency of resource utilization. New types of batteries can be applied to a wider range of applications such as household electricity, electricity for public utilities, and electricity for automobiles. The application of the new battery still has a long way to go, just like the original lithium battery was invented. People began to study lithium batteries in the 1970s. By 1992, Sony released the first commercial lithium battery. 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