Labor safety protection facilities

1.1 Fire prevention and explosion protection facilities

1.1.1 The fire protection and explosion-proof design of chemical production processes with fire and explosion hazards shall comply with specifications such as “Code for Design of Fire Protection for Petrochemical Enterprises” (GB50160) and “Code for Construction Design of Fire Protection” (GBJ16) , and design of electrical devices for fire and explosion hazardous locations. It shall comply with the "Code for Design of Electrical Installations for Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations " (GB50058) .

1.1.2 With flammable and explosive process production equipment, equipment and pipelines, under the conditions that meet the production requirements, it is advisable to adopt a combination of production features, centralized and joint arrangements, and open, open or semi-open buildings ( structures ) .

1.1.3 The fire- breaking distance between equipment, pipelines, and buildings ( structures ) within chemical production facilities shall comply with the provisions of GB50160 and GBJ16 .

1.1.4 The open fire equipment shall be centrally arranged on the edge of the device and shall be kept away from combustible gas and production equipment and storage tanks of flammable and explosive substances, and shall be arranged upwind of such equipment.

1.1.5 Closed work sites with flammable gas and dust leakage must be well-designed ventilation systems to ensure that the concentration of hazardous substances in the workplace does not exceed the relevant regulations, and necessary inspection and automatic alarm devices are designed.

1.1.6 The structural forms and selected materials of buildings ( structures ) with fire and explosion hazards must comply with the requirements for fire and explosion protection.

1.1.7 Processes, storage tanks, and pipelines with fire and explosion hazards. Based on the characteristics of the medium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam, water, and other media replacement and protection systems are used.

1.1.8 Within the chemical production facility area, the area of ​​explosion and fire hazard environment should be accurately delineated, and corresponding instruments and electrical equipment should be designed and selected.

1.1.9 The open-air equipment, facilities, and buildings ( structures ) and structures of chemical production facilities shall have reliable lightning protection measures. The design of lightning protection systems shall comply with relevant standards and specifications. The independent lightning rod should have an independent grounding device, and its impact grounding resistance should not be greater than 10 Euro.

1.1.10 Explosion-proof and pressure-relief systems such as safety valves and explosion plates shall be designed for production equipment and pipelines with fire and explosion hazards. Flame arresters, water seals, etc. shall be provided between the vent pipes and pipelines that can transmit flammable materials and may cause flame spread. facility.

1.1.11 In hazardous workplaces, firewalls and safe passages must be designed. The entrances and exits should not be less than two. The doors and windows should be opened outwards, and the passages and entrances and exits should be kept open.

1.1.12 Fire Fighting System

1.1.12 .1 Chemical plant Fire protection design must be based on the characteristics of the process and fire risk, material properties, building structure, determine the appropriate fire design program.

1.1.12 .2 The low-pressure fire-fighting water supply facilities and fire-fighting water supply of chemical enterprises should be combined with production or domestic water supply pipes. High-pressure fire-fighting water supply should be designed as an independent fire-fighting water supply pipe system. Fire-fighting water supply pipes should generally adopt a circular pipe network.

1.1.12 .3 fire water design chemical production should be designed according to respective risers fire service equipment arrangement, plant area and the degree of risk of fire, spray cooling, water curtain fire with fire-fighting facilities and other aircraft gun.

GRS New DC-Spray Multipurpose Water Gun

1.1.12 .4 chemical production plants, tank farms, chemical libraries designed to be appropriate and the inert gas fire-fighting foam fire extinguishing system according to the characteristics of the production process, the material properties and fire hazard properties.

1.1.12 .5 In addition to fixed and semi-fixed fire extinguishing facilities, the chemical production plant area, storage tank area and warehouse shall also be equipped with small-scale fire extinguishing equipment as required.

1.1.12 .6 Automatic fire alarm and firefighting and extinguishing facilities shall be set up for key chemical production equipment, computer rooms, control rooms, substations, flammable materials warehouses and oil depots .

1.2 Anti-static facilities

1.2.1 Anti-static design of chemical installations shall comply with the "General Guidelines for Preventing Electrostatic Discharge Accidents" (GB12518) and the "Technical Regulations for Electrostatic Grounding Design of Chemical Enterprises" (HGJ28) .

1.2.2 Anti-static design of chemical equipment should be based on the production process requirements, operating environment characteristics and the nature of the material to take appropriate anti-static measures.

1.2.3 Chemical equipment anti-static design, should be based on production characteristics and material properties, reasonable selection of process conditions, equipment and piping materials and equipment structure, in order to control the generation of static electricity, so that it can not reach dangerous levels.

1.2.4 All the metal equipment pipelines, storage tanks, etc. in the explosion-proof zone of the chemical production equipment must be designed with electrostatic grounding. It is not allowed that the equipment and the components inside the equipment have a metal body insulated from the ground. Non-conductor equipment, pipelines, storage tanks, etc. shall be designed for indirect grounding or electrostatic shielding. The shield must be reliably grounded.

1.2.5 Sites with fire and explosion hazards, production processes with static electricity that affect product quality, and work areas with static electricity that endanger personal safety, all metal appliances, door and window components, moving metal vehicles, ladders, etc. should be grounded.

1.2.6 According to the electrostatic sequence table, the raw material formulation and the use of materials are selected so that the friction or contact of the two substances is close in the sequence and the generation of static electricity is reduced.

1.2.7 Non-conductor such as rubber, plastic, fiber, film, paper, powder and other production process design should be based on process characteristics, operating environment and non-conductor properties, design static elimination devices.

1.2.8 Under conditions permitting the production process, when using air humidification to reduce the insulation of hydrophilic non-conductive conductors to eliminate static electricity, the relative humidity of the air in the working environment should be maintained at more than 50 %.

1.2.9 When antistatic additives are used to increase the hygroscopicity or ionization of non-conductor materials to eliminate static electricity, they should be selected according to the specific conditions such as the object of use, purpose, process conditions of the materials, cost, toxicity, and corrosiveness.

1.2.10 Workplaces that may be electrostatically hazardous should be equipped with personal anti-static protective equipment. The entrance to the main fire protection and explosion-proof operation area shall be designed to remove static electricity from the human body.

1.2.11 Chemical construction projects shall be equipped with necessary electrostatic testing instruments and meters according to the characteristics of production.

1.3 Lightning protection facilities

1.3.1 Chemical installations, equipment, facilities, storage tanks, and buildings ( structures ) shall be designed with reliable lightning protection devices to prevent the harm and damage of thunder to people, equipment, and buildings ( structures ) . Lightning protection design should comply with national standards and relevant regulations.

1.3.2 The lightning protection design of chemical production facilities should be designed according to the nature of production, the characteristics of the environment and the type of facilities to be protected.

1.3.3 Chemical equipment, open air equipment, storage tanks, electrical facilities and buildings ( structures ) with fire and explosion hazards should be designed to prevent direct lightning strikes.

1.3.4 The lightning protection design of flammable and explosive gas production devices and storage tanks, as well as the exhaust pipes emitting flammable and explosive gases, shall be higher than the explosion risk range formed during gas discharge under normal accident conditions.

1.3.5 Parallel arrangement of less than 100mm Metal pipe or cross distance less than 100mm The metal pipeline should be designed with lightning protection device. The lightning protection device can be set together with the anti-static device. 1.3.6 Overhead piping of chemical plants, as well as the transmission and distribution equipment and low voltage power supply line terminal, should be set

Measures lightning protection against intrusion.

1.3.7 Common lightning protection facilities include: lightning rods, lightning protection lines, lightning protection nets, lightning protection strips, lightning arresters, etc. The lightning protection device mainly consists of three parts: a lightning arrester, a down conductor, and a grounding body . Its role is to prevent direct lightning strikes or the introduction of lightning currents into the earth to ensure the safety of people and buildings ( structures ) .

1.4 Electric shock protection facilities

1.4.1 The normally exposed power distribution equipment and exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment that are not energized and in accidents should be designed with a reliable grounding device in accordance with the “Grounding Design Specification for Industrial and Civil Power Equipment” (GBJ65) .

1.4.2 Mobile electrical equipment should use leakage protection devices.

1.4.3 Wherever safe voltages are to be used, safety voltages shall be used. Safety voltage standards shall be in accordance with the “Safety Voltage” (GB3805) .

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.