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Core:
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The basic condition of the epidemic of ulcer disease is the combination of high temperature and humidity and young tissue of susceptible disease. When the temperature is 25-30 °C, the amount of rainfall is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. High temperature and rain, especially the typhoon is conducive to the reproduction, spread and invasion of germs, and the disease is heavy. Unreasonable fertilization or excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will make the citrus shoot more frequent, and the speed of old ripening will be inconsistent, which will aggravate the occurrence of diseases. The pests such as the leaf miner and the larvae of the citrus leaves have a large number of wounds, which cause a large number of wounds, which is conducive to the invasion of the bacteria and serious diseases. The susceptibility of the variety is most susceptible to sweet oranges, pomelo and lemon, followed by oranges, oranges are more resistant to disease, and kumquat is the most resistant. This difference is closely related to the distribution, density and opening size of the pores. The host's different growth stages have different susceptibility. The ulcer pathogen generally only infects the young tissue at a certain developmental stage, and does not infect or rarely in the young shoots, the young fruit and the mature tissue. Infection.
The prevention and treatment methods are distinguished by the disease-free area (new area) and the old disease area. The main methods of prevention and treatment in disease-free areas or new areas are: Strict quarantine is imposed, and seedlings, scions, seeds, fruits, etc. are prohibited from being imported from the ward. Establish disease-free nursery and cultivate disease-free seedlings. Disease-free nursery should be established in isolation areas or in plastic greenhouses. Rootstock seeds and scions should be sterilized. Rootstock seed disinfection: pre-heat the seeds in 50-52 °C hot water for 5 minutes, then dip into 55-56 °C constant temperature hot water for 50 minutes, wash with water after treatment, dry and then sow. Scion treatment method: After disinfecting with 700 units/ml streptomycin and 1% alcohol as an adjuvant for 1.5 hours, it can be grafted by washing with water. The prevention and treatment methods in the old ward should adopt the comprehensive measures of spraying the medicine with the Qingyuan as the center. Adult trees with severe susceptibility are cut off in summer and autumn, leaving only spring shoots; young trees are cut off in summer, leaving only spring and autumn shoots. Do the first thing after clearing the garden. Spray at the right time and spray to protect new shoots and young fruit. The new shoot growth period is 15-20 days after germination, and the fruit growth period begins 15 days after the flowering. The effective agents are: 20% thiabend copper suspension 500 times liquid, or 77% can kill 2000 type wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid or 80% big raw m-45 600 times liquid; mixed with agricultural streptomycin Significant synergistic effect, and can also cure rust and other diseases on the fruit surface, improve the smoothness of the fruit surface. At the same time, strengthen cultivation management, control the growth of summer shoots through reasonable water and fertilizer management, and timely control the pests such as leaf miner.
Citrus black spot disease is one of the main diseases of citrus at present, mainly infesting fruit from young fruit, showing symptoms during the expansion period, seriously affecting the appearance quality, tree potential and yield of the fruit. Spraying 3 times between June and August after the fruit set, each interval depends on the rainfall. Generally, it can be sprayed once when the accumulated rainfall reaches 200-300 mm. The agent can be selected from 80% big raw m-45 600 times liquid (also rust rust), 70% mancozeb 500 times liquid.
The citrus rust is also known as the rust tick, which is used to make the fruit, leaves and young shoots. After the fruit is damaged, it turns dark brown, commonly known as "black fruit", and is covered with cracked net fine lines. The fruit shape becomes smaller and the quality is worse, which greatly reduces the yield and quality of the fruit. The leaves are damaged, the color is rust brown, and often causes leaves, affecting the tree potential, and is an important pest for citrus production. There are obvious overlapping phenomena in the generations, and they are usually parthenogenetic. High temperature and drought in summer is conducive to occurrence.
The prevention and control is based on biological control, based on field measurement and reporting, and rational use of pesticides. Establishing a stable natural enemy community in the orchard is a fundamental measure to control citrus rust spiders. A variety of ladybugs and predators are important predatory natural enemies of rust spiders, which are important parasitic natural enemies of rust spiders. Rational use of chemical control on the basis of field surveys and reports. When the number of leaves per fruit or per fruit worm reaches 5-10, it should be sprayed immediately. The medicament can be used with 73% sputum emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, 15% chlorpyrifos 2000-3000 times, and 25% Qinglan Dan WP 1500-2000 times. At the same time, the citrus orchard, which is seriously damaged by rust, strengthens the management of water and fertilizer during the shooting period, spraying the foliage and topdressing, can promote the greening of the leaves, enhance the tree potential, and improve the insect resistance of the plants.
Citrus leaf miner: It is one of the main pests that damage the leaves of citrus. More than 10 generations occur in a year, and the most serious damage is caused by the tender shoots during the period from July to August each year. There are also differences in the early and late occurrence of different regions. The adult worms lay eggs in the leaves between 1-4 cm in length. After the larvae hatch, they sneak into the epidermis of the leaves from the bottom of the egg shells, start feeding, use the mouthparts to pick up the leaf surface epidermis, feed the cell juice, and advance. Made into a curved silver-white tunnel. The damaged leaves are often curled, easy to fall off, and easily induce ulcer disease and provide habitat for other pests or wintering places.
In the prevention and control, the fertilizer and water should be controlled to make the shoots neatly cut to cut off the food chain of the leaf miner and avoid the prosperous period. Chemical control is the main means to control the damage of the leaf miner. When most of the new shoots are 2-3 cm long, they start spraying, and spray once every other week for 2-3 times. Pharmacy can be used: 20% good winter emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times liquid; 24% Wanling water agent or 5% card dead emulsifiable concentrate or 5% taibao emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times liquid; 1.8% worm mites killing emulsifiable concentrate 5000 -8000 times; 2.5% Uranus emulsifiable concentrate 4000-5000 times liquid, etc.
Aphid pests: It is the most common pest on citrus. This kind of pest has strong fertility and a large number of eggs. It has hundreds of grains to more than a thousand grains. The incubation period is not neat. It takes about one month before and after, which gives The prevention and control has brought great difficulties. After the hatching cubs climb to the proper position, they insert the mouthparts into the plant tissue and begin to suck the juice, while secreting the wax or the shell is fixed and no longer moves. The mites can damage the leaves, branches, fruits and roots, the leaves are damaged by chlorophyll, the fruit is damaged, the branches are damaged, and even the dead skin is dead. From July to August, most of the cockroach pests occurred in the second and third generations, and migrated to the fruit, which directly affected the appearance quality of the fruit and reduced economic benefits.
To control cockroach pests, spraying should be mastered in the pup stage, when the wax is small, the activity is large, and the drug is most easy to take. Spray once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times. The available medicinal agents are: 40% speed culling (killing phosphorus) emulsifiable concentrate, 25% voltaic WP, 20% smashing emulsifiable concentrate, 25% chlorpyrifos (youle) WP 1000-1500 times solution; Or use 150-200 times liquid mineral oil emulsion mixed with the above pesticides to increase the penetration and improve the killing effect.
Acacia pests: larvae into the roots or neck or cortex to prevent nutrient transport, often causing death of large cortex, dead leaves and dead trees. Take the following measures to prevent:
1 injection: use the wire to remove the cow dung, 80% dichlorvos EC 20 times or gasoline (the first instar larva injection 0.3 ml per hole, the older larva 0.5 ml, the old mature larva 1 ml) with a needleless veterinary syringe Inject into the hole, then seal the hole with clay or cotton lumps. If the worm droppings are found to continue to be discharged, the injection should be supplemented once.
2 suffocation: the mothballs are ground into powder, and after the wormholes are removed, the mothball powder is sent into the holes with wire, 1/5-1/4 grains per hole, and the wet mud closes the wormholes. Or use alcohol, gasoline to dissolve the mothballs, use cotton yarn to pour the liquid into the hole, and then seal the clay.
3 dry: use sticky soil, add appropriate amount of water and dichlorvos or dimethoate 20 times mixed and dry, once every 20 days, should be used when the temperature is low in the evening, can prevent the beetle from laying eggs on the tree, and It can kill larvae and adult worms, and can also treat cockroaches and cockroaches.
4 Fumigation: first remove the wormhole, then insert 0.5-1 piece of 55% aluminum phosphide tablet, and then seal the hole with 2% salt water mixed with the salt, and then wrap it with a film. The aluminum phosphide decomposes rapidly to release the phosphine gas, and the larvae die.
5 spraying: Tianniu out of the hole, spraying dichlorvos or dimethoate 500 times on the trunk, it is better to use the liquid to wet the trunk.
6 Capture: The noon beetle is mated on the tree at noon, and artificial capture can be performed.
Occurrence characteristics and control techniques of citrus pests and diseases in summer
In summer, the temperature is high, the sunshine is long, and the citrus fruit enters the expansion period. The disease is mainly caused by ulcer disease and black spot disease. Pests such as flower buds, leaf mites, mites, and leaf mites enter summer or crouch, while rust mites, leaf miner moths, and some shield mites (black spots, brown mites, etc.) are at their peak. In this period, a variety of natural enemies have formed stable populations, and the natural control effect is obvious. In the management of citrus should be based on fruit preservation, pest management should be managed to cover the orange groves to cover crops, to attract and protect natural enemies, and to give full play to natural control. The buds were controlled by the buds, and the artificial larvae were artificially captured. On the basis of the report, selective agents were applied to a small number of shield mites and leaf-leaf lepidopteran pests.
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