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First, the soil nutrient layer nutrient status:
In 2005, the soil was cultivated in the whole city. The average organic matter content was 12.75g/kg (3.77-22.37g/kg), the alkali nitrogen content was 79.31mg/kg (26-182mg/kg), and the available phosphorus content was 33.07mg/kg (2-132.5mg/kg), available potassium content of 87mg/kg (26.5-379mg/kg), and effective boron content of 0.51mg/kg (0.31-0.852mg/kg). The level of peanut yield is closely related to fertilization, especially the scientific fertilization of plots with lower fertility has obvious yield-increasing effects.
Second, the characteristics of peanut fertilizer:
1. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in peanuts is less than two, and there are many in the middle. During the whole growth process, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is: seedling stage, full fruit stage, less mature stage, under flowering There are many needles and pods.
2. The nitrogen absorbed by peanuts mainly comes from the nodule nitrogen fixation. According to the test, the nitrogen absorbed by peanuts is 2/3 - 4/5 from the nodule nitrogen fixation. The yield of peanuts is less than 300 kg, and the amount of fertilizer is increasing, and the amount of fertilizer is decreasing.
3. Peanuts are legumes that are calcium-loving. Calcium can promote the synthesis of protein and amide in peanuts, reduce the rate of empty space and increase the fullness of pods. The calcium-deficient roots are weak, and the single-fruit, capsule and empty fruit are significantly increased. Therefore, scientific application of calcium fertilizer can increase pod yield and quality.
Third, peanut fertilization technology:
1. Fertilization principle: organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer application. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-fertilizers are reasonably matched, and the base fertilizer is applied and the appropriate topdressing is applied.
2. The number and method of topdressing: The test proves that the production of 100 kilograms of peanut fruit requires absorption of 6.8 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.8 kg of calcium oxide of 2.5 kg. Under the soil conditions of our city, 300 mu per mu. - 400 kg of peanut fruit, the amount of fertilizer should be: more than 3,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, 3.6-5.7 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.9-3.2 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 6.2-10 kg of potassium oxide (compound: urea 15-25 kg) , potassium chloride 20-30 kg, diammonium 17-27 kg). The special fertilizer content of peanuts is 45% (10, 18, 17) and 25 kg per mu.
Boron fertilizer can be applied at the bottom and sprayed to have a significant yield increase effect. For example, in 2006, the results of two tests in Huangjiazhuang, the application of boron at the bottom of the mu is 200 grams, the yield of peanuts increased by 24.9-25.6 kilograms, and the yield increased by 11.3-12.3%; the application of speed-speed boron was 15 grams of water to 30 kilograms before flowering, Spraying twice during the flowering period, the yield of peanuts increased by 19.2-24 kg, and the yield increased by 9.5-10.6%; the yield of peanuts in the spraying area was increased by 40.2-50.4 kg, and the yield increased by 19.8-25.7%. It is recommended to promote the use of boron fertilizer technology in peanuts on boron-deficient soils to improve the seed setting rate and fruit filling rate of peanuts and improve quality. Calcium fertilizer can be applied if it has a fertilizer source.
Fertilization method: the mulch peanut is applied as a base fertilizer at the same time, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the open field are applied together with the base fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer is generally 50-80% of the total amount of the bottom application, and the rest is applied at the initial flowering stage; Follow up. In the middle and late stages, foliar spray fertilizer according to the growth potential, such as boron, zinc (0.2%) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1-0.2%) can play a role in leaf preservation, root preservation and extension of the parietal function.
Peanuts, like other crops, have stronger soils and higher yields. However, in the weak sand, by increasing the application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it can also achieve rapid increase in production and high yield.
From: Xinle City Agricultural Technology Service Center
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Peanut scientific fertilization technology
Peanut is an important grain and oil crop in Xinle City, planting 140,000 mu per year, including 60,000 mu of mulch and 80,000 mu of wheat. Large area, high output, good quality and high commodity rate. And the title of "Hebei peanut town". It plays an important role in agricultural production and is an indispensable economic crop for agricultural economic development and people's life. Adapting to the socialist market economy and accelerating the development of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency agriculture, scientific fertilization is one of the main measures.
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