The reasonable mixed planting between vegetations can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases between vegetations. The bamboos in Fujian originally had their own ecosystems. As people selectively cut down one of the individual varieties, the ecological imbalance caused The occurrence of Phyllostachys pubescens occurs, and the more serious it is, the faster the use of pesticides is to rule the rule of law: Yarn Feeder Nozzle,Steel Yarn Feeder Nozzle,Feeding Nozzle,Knitting Machine Feeding Nozzle Changzhou Longfu Knitting Co., Ltd. , https://www.czcircularmachine.com
1. Integrated prevention and control technology for severely affected areas:
(1) The seriously damaged bamboo forest with no resilience is burnt down, and the tree species such as paulownia and eucalyptus are replanted at a ratio of 8:2 or 7:3, and a mixed forest is gradually formed. Reduce the number of recurrences, retain shallow root weeds, restore the biodiversity of bamboo forests, and create good ecological conditions for the proliferation of natural enemies such as bamboo breeding.
(2) Bamboo cavity injection quickly extinguishes the aphid source: a small hole is made at the base of the bamboo pole, and 10 to 30 times of 40% omethoate (or deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, loved, etc.) is injected to kill Insecticide , add a proper amount of nutrient solution (urea + one-half dilution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in the liquid. After the injection of bamboo cavity, the drug solution was transmitted to the leaves of bamboo by the transmissive tissue. The observation showed that most of the leaves were poisoned after 3 days, and the rate of loss of caries after 7 days reached 70.2%~88.2%, and the control effect was 93.0%~97.2%. After 30 days, the reduction rate was 84.8%~93.6%. The control effect is 96.9%~98.7%, and the prevention time is from August to September. It is suitable for wintering from late November to early December. Therefore, the prevention and control of this period can reduce the base of the next year. Adding nutrient solution to the liquid can quickly replenish nutrients and restore the growth of the bamboo. Since 1996, it has promoted 80,000 mu in Fuzhou, Sanming, Nanping, Yong'an, Jianye, Wuyishan, Anxi, Yongchun and other places. The results of expert sampling and acceptance show that the average per mu is 22-30, and the bamboo shoot production is 105~. 210kg (spring, winter bamboo shoots). The device used in the method is simple, easy to carry, has less medication and less environmental pollution, and can simultaneously treat pests such as bamboo mites, bamboo mites and poisonous moths, and is an effective measure for the occurrence of Phyllostachys pubescens.
(3) Applying fertilizer and restoring tree potential: After bamboo injection and application of fertilizer, bamboo forest is best to apply fertilizer once in April to June of the next year to restore the tree potential, especially after changing the leaves in the bamboo forest. better.
(4) Release artificially propagated predatory pupa through bamboo cavity injection, and the bamboo forest after application of fertilizer will quickly restore the forest phase, and the artificially propagated cucurbit blunt mites can be released in such comprehensive prevention areas from August to September (has passed the provincial science and technology department acceptance, Another article reported). Adjust the proportion of benefits and pests in bamboo forests to achieve long-term control of pests.
Second, the medium and mildly affected bamboo forests adopt the "ecological cultivation" control measures combined with the comprehensive management of bamboo pests (IPM) and bamboo nutrition management: the growth of bamboo is large, and 10 to 20 old ones are cut every year. Bamboo, we must grow 20 to 40 Hsinchu. To dig 500kg～800kg bamboo shoots, consume a lot of nutrients in the soil. According to the calculation, each soil of 50kg bamboo pole consumes 74g of nitrogen (N), 24g of phosphorus (P) and 189g of potassium (K). According to the data, 47.31kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 21kg of phosphate fertilizer, 29.5kg of potassium fertilizer and 36.6kg of silicon fertilizer are needed for the production of 1500kg of spring bamboo shoots per mu. In our province, there are currently heavy re-giving, little fertilization or only nitrogen fertilizer. Old and weak diseases and residual bamboo are one of the important reasons for inducing diseases, insects and mites. Investigate the roots, soil and leaves of several typical pest-affected areas in Yong'an, Nanping and Fuzhou and the same forest-like light-producing area. The soil-based system of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University has shown that the soil available potassium in the bamboo forests with serious damage is normal. The low-speed root potassium is 33%~38.77% lower than normal, and the maximum is 64.98%. The available potassium of bamboo leaves with severe damage is 1.3%~14.12% lower than normal. Potassium mainly regulates the osmotic pressure of plant cells, and it is based on the principle of osmotic pressure to absorb juice. Foreign data show that when the plant cell osmotic pressure increases to 12.31 ~ 18.7 atmospheres, the host's pests can not survive.
The plant tissue structure is closely related to the resistance to mites. According to the observation of the damaged leaves, most of the mites penetrated from the leaf back into the lower lobe of the leaves, deep into the sponge tissue, and absorbed the cell contents to cause the cells to shrink, indicating necrosis. Where the growth is weak, the bamboo forest with small and thin leaves is seriously damaged, and the symptoms are obvious. The bamboo leaves with good fertilizer and water management are large and thick. Although the damage is found to be harmful, but the disaster is not caused, the defense and compensation ability of the bamboo itself is effectively endured. Make up for the damage caused by harm. Therefore, only by combining the comprehensive management of Phyllostachys pubescens and the nutrient management of bamboo can achieve the purpose of fundamentally controlling pests.
The Institute of Plant Protection of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences cooperated with the Provincial Forestry Department's Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station to develop high-efficiency fertilizers of N, P, K, Mn, Zn and Si organic acids and organic matter greater than 12, which are suitable for the growth of bamboo. High-efficiency, low-toxic, acaricidal and insecticidal bio-pesticide and auxin-based "Zhu Yuling" series of fertilizers. After many years of experiments, it can be mixed with high-efficiency fertilizer (Putian sugar factory), compound fertilizer (imported, domestically produced), special bamboo fertilizer (forest college), compound fertilizer (Shunchang Fubao), etc., each strain Apply 100-150 grams to the roots. Since 1997, it has been promoted in the bamboo forests of Nanping, Yong'an, Jianye, Youxi, Shunchang, Taining, Sanming, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Wuyishan, Anxi and Yongchun. The results of expert on-site acceptance showed that the average fertilizer treatment increased 22 to 40 new bamboos, bamboo yields were 514.66 kg to 1020 kg, and new bamboo shoots increased by 200-290 kg per mu. The survey shows that the control effects of different areas are significant, especially in the severely affected areas, which will undergo fundamental changes after 1 to 2 years of continuous management, and the yield of bamboo and bamboo shoots will increase exponentially.
The research results show that the time of applying fertilizer in bamboo forest should be in the period from late April to late July: (1) In this period, the spring bamboo shoots have just been dug, the bamboo body has large nutrient consumption, and the fertilizer can quickly supplement the nutrients and restore the tree potential. (2) The leaf is being changed, and the bamboo forest can promote the growth of new leaves by fertilization. (3) This period is positive for rain and is beneficial to the absorption of medicine and fertilizer at the root; (4) May to June is the first peak period of the activity of Phyllostachys pubescens. Before this, the application of fertilizer can reduce the density of the mites and achieve the purpose of controlling the growth of the annual mites. After August, the effect of high temperature and drought application of fertilizer is poor, and the timely use of fertilizer is an important guarantee in the comprehensive prevention and control of cockroaches.