Snow, smog, weather, shed, dish management

Recently, most of the northern part of China has continued to be snowy and hazy, and low temperature and low temperature have adversely affected the production of vegetable facilities. In order to reduce the impact of severe weather on facility vegetable production and reduce the loss of vegetable farmers, the Vegetable Experts Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture has researched and proposed technical guidance on vegetable production management in cloudy and smog weather facilities, hoping to help vegetable growers.

Enhance plant resilience

(1) Adding organic fertilizer and appropriately supplementing organic materials and foliar fertilizer.

The amount of fertilizer applied should be determined according to the fertility of the soil and the amount of fertilizer required for the target yield. Generally, when the soil fertility is low, the amount of fertilizer can be determined according to the target yield of 1.5 times, and when the soil fertility is high, The amount of fertilizer is determined according to the target yield of 0.8 times the amount of fertilizer required. In actual production, the amount of organic fertilizer per acre is generally 7 to 10 tons, plus 1000 kilograms of crushed straw, plus 20 to 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer, plus 10 to 15 kilograms of slaked lime. When the smog weather comes, the leaves can be sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.3% calcium nitrate plus 1% glucose solution.

(2) Control the amount of irrigation and the number of irrigations.

Generally, tomato and cucumber and other fruits and vegetables are irrigated at 13~23 tons per acre, and the soil moisture content of tomato in winter is 60%~65%, and the irrigation amount is 15~18 tons. The soil water content of cucumber starting irrigation is 65%~ 70%, the amount of irrigation is 13~15 tons. Choose cold tail warm watering, try not to fill the water when the smog weather occurs.

(3) The ecological environment is mainly controlled by diseases, supplemented by high-efficiency and low-toxic drugs.

In order to control the occurrence of diseases, when the temperature in the facility is between 15 °C and 25 °C, the relative humidity is controlled below 85%. When the relative humidity is higher than 85%, the temperature is controlled below 15 °C. The method is: after uncovering the insulation cover in the morning, it should be heated up to 25 °C in 1.5 hours; the temperature in the facility rises to 30 °C and then the air is released. The temperature is lowered to 17 ° C ~ 19 ° C to close the air outlet, and the cover is covered with insulation. Things, reduce the amount of irrigation, cover the mulch to reduce ground evaporation. Remove old leaves and diseased leaves in time, and use smoke or dust to prevent and control the disease.

(4) Adjust the amount of plant results.

When the plant grows weakly, appropriate flower thinning and fruit thinning should be harvested at an appropriate time to reduce the burden on the plant; when the plant grows vigorously, the fruit should be properly preserved and properly harvested at night to prevent excessive growth of nutrients.

Strengthen environmental regulation

(1) Regulating the light environment to prevent photosynthesis disorders in vegetables.

1. Increase the illuminance. Timely cleaning the pollution on the film to ensure the high transmittance of the plastic film; in the winter, aluminized mirror reflective film of about 1 meter wide is placed 5 cm away from the back wall of the solar greenhouse to improve the illumination of the crops in the north and south of the cultivation.

2. Increase the lighting time. In the range allowed by the temperature, the cover insulation should be removed as early as possible (the grasshopper), and the time for uncovering the grass should be unsuitable after the grass is uncovered; the facilities with good insulation performance are at the lowest temperature of 0 °C. ~-15°C season, when the temperature in the facility drops to 15°C~17°C, cover the grass; in the season below the minimum temperature of -15°C, when the temperature in the facility drops to 17°C~19°C, cover the grass; Facilities should be covered as appropriate. On sunny days, the grasshoppers should be uncovered early, and try to extend the time for vegetables to see light. In the snowy days, according to the external temperature conditions, the grasshoppers can be uncovered at noon for a short time, so that the vegetables can receive more scattered light and cannot be used for several days. Uncover the grass.

3. Artificial fill light. When the snow or smog weather exceeds 2 days, the plant growth lamp can be used as a suitable light. Generally, each lamp is 40w, and it is suitable to install about 25 inches per acre. When the light is weak, the light is filled for 3 to 4 hours per day, which can significantly increase the yield and quality.

(2) Regulating the temperature environment to prevent vegetable growth disorders.

1. Cover the insulation cover of suitable thickness. Generally, the lowest temperature in winter is between 0 °C and -15 °C. It is covered with four layers of rain-proof kraft paper + grasshopper (3 kg per square meter) + plastic film (or color strip); the minimum temperature in winter is -15 °C. ~-25°C area, using six layers of rainproof kraft paper + grasshopper (4 kg per square meter) + color strip cloth, or grasshopper (4 kg per square meter) + grasshopper (4 kg per square meter) + color Strip cloth, or insulation (2 cm thick) + grasshopper (4 kg per square meter) + color strip cloth for thermal insulation; the lowest temperature in winter is below -25 °C, using eight layers of rain-proof kraft paper + grasshopper ( 5 kg per square meter) + color strips, or grasshoppers (5 kg per square meter) + grasshoppers (5 kg per square meter) + color strips, or insulation (3 cm thick) + grasshoppers (per square Meter 5 kg) + color strips for insulation coverage. The outer layer is covered with plastic film or color strip cloth to prevent the grasshopper from being wet by rain (snow) to reduce the heat preservation effect, and at the same time, it is easy to remove snow.

2. Increase the built-in insulation. In the case of not affecting the light transmittance, a layer of heat preservation curtain is installed in the shed; a thick cotton curtain is placed in the buffer room and the greenhouse, and an isolation doorway is arranged in the greenhouse, while reducing the number of entering and exiting the greenhouse; A 1 meter high insulation skirt is added to the front of the greenhouse.

3. Take measures to increase ground temperature. The application of organic fertilizer and organic materials, sorghum, mulching, wide and narrow cultivation can increase the ground temperature by 3 °C ~ 4 °C.

4. Use artificial auxiliary heating. Fruits and vegetables, in the case of continuous snow or smog weather, when the temperature in the shed is continuously lower than 5 °C, the hot air stove or electric hot air can be used to temporarily warm the temperature, or the geothermal line can be laid in the cultivated soil in advance, if necessary. Power on to increase the temperature and temperature.

Avoid weather hazards

After a long period of rainy and smog, it suddenly turned fine and the light was strong. It was easy to cause the water temperature in the shed to rise suddenly, the soil temperature to lag, the root absorption capacity of vegetable crops was weak, and the transpiration of stems and leaves increased sharply, resulting in water loss and wilting. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to taking intervals and alternately revealing them. It is not possible to uncover all the grasshoppers immediately, and to avoid the loss of water and wilting of crop leaves under strong light. If the leaves are found to be wilting, they should be covered with grasshoppers, and then gradually recovered after the plants are restored. Ministry of Agriculture Vegetable Expert Guidance Group