In the middle of this month, James Dyson, the founder of the vacuum cleaner and the founder of Dyson, invested his first $15 million investment in the solid-state battery company Sakti3, a battery startup founded in 2007. the company. According to Dyson, the solid-state batteries currently being developed by Sakti3 will have an energy density of 1100WH/L. Not only Dyson, in the past few years, this company called Sakti3 also received investment from many companies such as General Motors. Liquid battery life bottleneck Since 1991, Sony has brought lithium-ion batteries containing liquid electrolytes into electronic devices. Liquid lithium batteries have become one of the most mature and widely used technology routes. However, in James Dyson's view, The battery technology has encountered a certain bottleneck." For example, Apple Watch, which has not yet been listed, will be given a slot. Behind the “12.8%†“local tyrants†price, the public thought that the most important battery life should not be significantly improved. It was only 18 hours. "The price of this life, can only be bought is the feelings ... ..." Netizens said, "The price of buying a car to buy a watch, drunk, and every day to charge." Actually, not only wearable devices, including smart homes, and Tesla, the rookie of new energy vehicles that were previously popular, are being questioned for the bottleneck of battery life. In the past two or three years, Tesla, the rookie of the car that has come out of Silicon Valley, has taken the lead. Fashionable exterior design and technologically-influenced interiors, and their non-burning, zero-emissions advantages are recognized as one of the future of the automotive industry. But in just over a year, Tesla has come down from the altar of worship. Although its shape is enough to pull the wind, the concept of environmental protection is also stylish enough, but even if the mileage reached a car-free 500KM, once the battery is exhausted, it is really difficult to move. However, Tesla founder and CEO Musk is also innocent. The lack of battery life is the primary problem that the industry cannot solve. Besides, among all new energy vehicles, Tesla is already the champion in cruising range. Perhaps one of the most important issues that hinder the development of the electronics industry today is not the technology of the product itself, but the improvement of battery life. So, why can't the liquid lithium battery have a longer mileage? The technical personnel of a domestic new energy production company told the “First Financial Daily†reporter that the length of the battery cruising range depends to a large extent on the energy storage capacity of the battery, that is, the energy density per unit volume. To increase the unit energy density of a battery, one is to increase the operating voltage and the other is to increase the energy density of the electrode material. When the operating voltage can only be in a fixed area, to increase the energy density of the battery, only rely on the energy density of the electrode material. In other words, the development of lithium batteries follows the rules of "generation of materials, generation of batteries." The existing lithium battery cathode materials generally include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary materials, and the anode materials are usually graphite, hard/soft carbon, lithium titanate, and alloy anode materials. These materials can be excavated. Space is not big. In other words, it is necessary to significantly increase the cruising range of lithium batteries unless new substitutes can be found on electrode materials. Solid-state battery innovation possible However, since the energy density of liquid lithium batteries has not yet been significantly improved, are there other alternative battery technologies that can replace it? According to Bloomberg News, Volkswagen CEO Martin Winterkorn stated at a press conference held in Stuttgart recently that Volkswagen plans to make a decision in the first half of this year whether it will develop a new battery that is being developed by US startup QuantumScape. The technology is used in the public electric car. If the above-mentioned solid-state battery technology is adopted, the EV's cruising range will reach 700 kilometers, exceeding the Tesla ModelS and all existing new energy vehicles. Perhaps because of this, as early as December 2014, Volkswagen acquired about 5% of QuantumScape. In fact, it is not just the public. As early as 2010, Toyota had introduced solid-state batteries with a cruising range of more than 1,000 KM. The efforts including QuantumScape and Sakti3 are all trying to replace the traditional liquid lithium batteries with solid-state batteries. The traditional liquid lithium battery has also been vividly described by scientists as "rocking chair type batteries." Both ends of the rocking chair are the positive and negative poles of the battery, and the middle is the electrolyte (liquid). Lithium ion is like a good athlete, running back and forth on both ends of the rocking chair. During the movement of lithium ions from the positive electrode to the negative electrode to the positive electrode, the charge and discharge process of the battery is completed. The principle of a solid-state battery is the same, except that its electrolyte is solid, with a density and structure that allows more charged ions to collect at one end, conducting a larger current, and thus increasing the battery capacity. Therefore, with the same power, the solid-state battery will become smaller in size. Not only that, since there is no electrolyte in the solid-state battery, sealing will become easier. When used in large-scale equipment such as automobiles, there is no need for additional cooling pipes and electronic controls, which not only saves costs, but also effectively reduces weight. According to its official, Sakti3 has produced a battery with an energy density of 1100 watt-hour/liter, which is almost twice as powerful as current lithium-ion batteries. Kevin Jones, a battery expert and materials science professor at the University of Florida, believes that if the battery power is as large as that proposed by Sakti3, then the cost of purchasing and using the electric vehicle may be the same as that of an ordinary car. And the solid-state battery has another advantage - it is not easy to explode or catch fire when it is damaged in an accident. It should be noted that before that, the famous Fisco in the field of new energy vehicles and Tesla's reputation was later bankrupted and slowly disappeared, in large part because of its frequent battery fire incidents. And other faults. Previously, ProLogium had introduced a solid-state battery using a flexible circuit board as its base material. Its thickness could reach a staggering 2mm, equivalent to the thickness of a small piece of chewing gum, and it could be folded and bent freely. Flatten and use again. Such a seemingly inconspicuous battery, its capacity can reach 1000 milliamperes, and an iPhone-sized charging treasure, its capacity is also in about 5000 milliamperes. If the solid-state battery can be applied commercially, the public can create an electric vehicle that surpasses Tesla in life, and the wearable electronic device can also get rid of the shackles of battery technology, and its appearance and shape can be surprisingly changed. The long road to commercialization Canada's Avestor has also tried to develop solid-state lithium batteries and eventually filed for bankruptcy in 2006. Avestor uses a high-molecular polymer separator to replace the liquid electrolyte in the battery, but it has not solved the safety problem. There have been several battery burning or explosion events in North America. Sakti3 co-founder and CEO AnnMarieSastry said externally that Sakti3’s solid-state batteries are produced using thin-film deposition technology, which is also commonly used in the production of flat panel displays and photovoltaic solar cells. “Batteries are split in half or placed on batteries. In a high-temperature environment, but the battery can still continue to work," she believes, Sakti3's solid-state battery is completely safe to be assured. "The development of new technologies will not be an unimpeded path. I need a crystal ball to predict all the challenges encountered in the development process. The British have a saying called 'stickyourneckontheline', that is, bravely to try something new and Different things.If it is successful, it will be great, but if it fails, you have already studied in the process and can continue until you succeed." James Dyson commented on the reporter of the China Business News that he may be in this investment The risks you will encounter. Previously, Toyota had stated that it hopes to apply solid-state battery technology to new energy vehicles by 2020. However, Toyota did not regard this technology as the only way out for future new energy. Shortly before this, it released the first mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. "Solid-state batteries may be one of the future directions for battery technology development, but it may not be the best." The above-mentioned new energy production company's technical staff told reporters, "Including fuel cells, super capacitors, aluminum air batteries, magnesium batteries in terms of philosophy There is ample room for development, and in the end, it depends on which route is developed faster and more grounded.†The so-called grounding gas is a perfect balance between the scale and cost of commercialization. First, the materials used must not be costly and rare. Second, it is possible to implement large-scale applications in various industries and fields. Perhaps the most challenging place now is price. According to report, the cost of liquid lithium batteries is about 200~300 US$/kWh. If the existing technology is used to manufacture solid-state batteries that can supply power to smart phones, the cost will reach 15,000 US dollars, and the solid-state battery that is enough to power the car. The cost is even more impressive than $90 million. Sastry said that an important reason for the high cost of solid-state battery production is low production efficiency. According to Satry's plan, Sakti3 will eventually reduce the cost of the battery to 100 US dollars / kWh, but she did not give the final time. From the point of view of the theory, solid-state batteries are not a new concept, but over the years, the progress in research and development has not been imagined as fast. A technician from Samsung in South Korea believes that even if Sakti3 can eventually achieve cost reduction, it will take a short period of time from the lab to the final mass production. Just like liquid lithium batteries, in the 1970s, relevant concepts and experimental accreditations advanced in tandem, but the use of real-scale mass was already at the end of the 20th century. 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