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Many people may feel strange when it comes to tight gas, but it has long been used in people's lives. As early as 2007, residents in the Beijing-Tianjin area had already used tight gas, but they did not call it tight gas at the time, but collectively referred to as natural gas.
Development prospects are clear
In the current global energy mix, natural gas is considered a cleaner and more efficient energy source than the two energy pillars of oil and coal. Natural gas is widely distributed in oil fields, gas fields, coal seams and shale layers, and is divided into conventional natural gas and unconventional natural gas. Unconventional natural gas is mainly developed with coalbed methane, tight gas and shale gas. With the advancement of exploration technology, it has been found that unconventional natural gas is richer in resources than conventional natural gas, and unconventional natural gas is becoming a new focus of global energy development.
The types of unconventional natural gas resources in China are mainly tight gas, and the resources are five times that of conventional natural gas. In 2012, China's tight gas production reached 32 billion cubic meters, accounting for 30% of China's total natural gas production. According to the latest estimates of relevant departments, China's tight gas recoverable resources amounted to 9 trillion to 12 trillion cubic meters. According to statistics, more than 70 basins have been discovered or speculated to have developed tight gas, and the resources are about 210 trillion cubic meters.
The most successful global gas development is the United States, followed by China. As early as the 1960s, China had a dense gas discovery in the Sichuan Basin, but because of the immature technology, there has been no major development in the long run. In recent years, with the advancement of large-scale fracturing technology and large-scale application, the exploration and development of tight gas has made a major breakthrough. Two tight sandstone atmospheres in the Sulige Basin in the Ordos Basin and the Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin have been discovered. A number of tight sandstone gas wells with high yields have also been discovered in the basins of Kazakhstan, Tarim, Songliao and Bohai Bay. The three basins of Ordos, Sichuan and Tarim have become the main exploration and development blocks of the current tight gas in China.
China's largest tight gas field, the Sulige gas field, is also China's largest natural gas field. In 2012, the Sulige gas field produced 13.5 billion cubic meters, with a production capacity of 21 billion cubic meters. The proven reserves are the second atmospheric field in Sichuan, China. Four times the gas field, it supplies gas to the Beijing-Tianjin area and can be supplied stably for 30-50 years.
"China's priority to develop tight gas is mainly based on three reasons: First, the data of tight gas resources is quite reliable, while the data of shale gas resources is highly speculated; second, the technology of developing tight gas is more mature; the third is the distribution of tight gas. Conventional natural gas overlaps in many places, so dense gas development does not require much cost in infrastructure construction,†said Yao Yuli, deputy director of the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company of China National Petroleum Corporation.
"At present, in China's unconventional natural gas, the development of tight gas is the most realistic, and the development prospects are more certain and clearer than shale gas," said Jia Chengzao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Adjusting the energy structure
"One of the new highlights of the next economic growth is unconventional natural gas, especially to accelerate the development of tight gas." In Jia Chengzao's view, vigorously developing tight gas is of great significance to China's energy supply and energy structure adjustment.
Due to the shortage of energy, China's energy dependence on foreign countries is getting higher and higher, which has great constraints on economic development. In 2012, China imported 42.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas, and the dependence on natural gas reached 27%. According to relevant predictions, by the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's dependence on natural gas may exceed 35%, and the dependence of oil on foreign countries will exceed 50%. Accelerating the development of tight gas is an important means to reduce the dependence of energy on foreign countries.
At the same time, as the voice of low-carbon development is getting higher and higher, countries all over the world are looking for ways to adjust the energy structure. New energy is also the beginning of this process. However, after a period of exploration, people found that renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy still have many problems to solve in the short term. It is still too early to become a large-scale energy supplement, so people began to turn more attention to natural gas.
In the United States, for example, in order to solve energy and environmental problems, US President Barack Obama also hoped for the development of new energy, but later discovered that the alternate development of energy still needs to be a transition from clean traditional energy. In recent years, US policy has begun to adjust, and the replacement of tight gas and shale gas is the core strategy for safeguarding US natural gas supply and easing external dependence. Among them, tight gas plays an important role as the first successor.
At present, the proportion of natural gas in China's primary energy consumption is still less than 4%. In 2012, the proportion of natural gas in the world has reached 24.4%. The task of China's energy structure adjustment is still very arduous. As a tight gas with great potential in China's natural gas reserves, it should be an important hand in this difficult task.
At the same time, from the perspective of environmental protection, it is also necessary to accelerate the development of tight gas. This year's severe smog weather has caused people to focus more on China's energy structure. In the case of traditional fossil fuels, especially coal-based energy structures, the impact on the environment is increasingly prominent. Reducing the use of coal, increasing the use of clean energy and reducing carbon dioxide emissions have become the voice of more and more people.
Jia Chengzao proposed that the natural gas industry, including tight gas, is also one of the important growth points of the economy. At the same time, the production of tight gas is mainly concentrated in some underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions. The development of tight gas will bring a huge driving effect to the local economy.
Surviving technology bottleneck
“Technical breakthroughs are the key to achieving large-scale mining of tight gas in China.†Han Xinggang, deputy director of the Sulige Gas Field Research Center of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, said that in the case of Sulige development, Changqing Oilfield has improved over the years. The production of tight gas single wells is the core, and researches on the key and supporting technologies that restrict the development of tight gas, and has formed five technical series with multiple layers of vertical wells and multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells. The results have been remarkable and developed for domestic tight gas. Laid a solid foundation.
From the successful development of the Sulige gas field, it can be seen that technological innovation has become an important reason for the breakthrough in the development of tight gas in China. At the same time, however, the current exploration and development technology is relatively backward, the production equipment needs to be imported, the mining rate is low, and the mining cost is relatively high. It has also become an important constraint factor for the further scale and commercialization of tight gas in China.
In terms of mining technology, the differences in reserves in different regions of China's tight gas distribution are large, the output of single well is low, and the development cost is high. The main technology relied on to improve the development level—the horizontal well drilling and completion process needs further research and is used for fracturing. The reservoir modification tools urgently need to accelerate the research and application of localization.
Experts said that they hope that the state will support the tight gas in terms of policy. For example, the current domestic natural gas price system is still not perfect. Compared with conventional natural gas, the development cost of tight gas is relatively high, but the ex-factory price of tight gas is the same as that of conventional natural gas, which greatly reduces the enthusiasm of the production enterprise. At present, China has subsidies of 0.2-0.4 yuan per cubic meter for shale gas and coalbed methane. However, there is no similar subsidy for tight gas. It is hoped that the state can introduce corresponding subsidy policies for tight gas.
"I believe that good policy support will promote the technological innovation of tight gas. In the future, the development of China's tight gas will have great development prospects like the US shale gas." Yao said.
The prospect of tight gas development is clear, the technical bottleneck is to be broken
Abstract Tight gas is a kind of unconventional natural gas, and it is also one of the natural gas types with more reserves in China. Tight gas is also receiving more and more attention in domestic energy development when natural gas is regarded as the main choice for clean energy in the future. In order to solve China's energy dependence on the outside world...
Tight gas is a kind of unconventional natural gas, and it is also one of the natural gas types with more reserves in China. Tight gas is also receiving more and more attention in domestic energy development when natural gas is regarded as the main choice for clean energy in the future. In order to solve the problem of high dependence on China's energy external environment, accelerate the adjustment of energy structure, and make energy cleaner and more efficient, all parties have high hopes for the future development of tight gas.