The State Council issued a medium- and long-term plan for the construction of major science and technology infrastructure

April 26, 2023

Summary of the State Council's Notice on Printing and Distributing the Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Construction of Major National Science and Technology Infrastructure (2012-2030) Guofa [2013] No. 8 People's Government of Each Province, Autonomous Region, Municipality, State Council, and Various Direct Organs: Now the State: .
Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Medium and Long-Term Plan for the Construction of Major National Science and Technology Infrastructure (2012-2030) Guofa [2013] No. 8
The people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions under the State Council, and their respective agencies:

The Medium and Long-term Plan for the Construction of Major National Science and Technology Infrastructure (2012-2030) will be printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

State Council

February 23, 2013

(This item is released publicly)

Medium and long-term planning for national major science and technology infrastructure construction

(2012-2030)

Major scientific and technological infrastructure is a large-scale complex scientific research system that provides the ultimate research means for exploring the unknown world, discovering the laws of nature, and realizing technological change. It is the material and technological foundation that breaks through the frontiers of science and solves major scientific and technological problems in economic and social development and national security. At present, China is in the critical period of building an innovative country. In accordance with the requirements of the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference and the deepening of the reform of the science and technology system, we will plan and systematically deploy major scientific and technological infrastructures to further improve the level of development, and enhance China’s original innovation capability. It is of great significance to leapfrog key areas, guarantee the long-term development of science and technology, and realize the goal of moving from a large technology country to a science and technology power. To implement the Outline of the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020) and the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, to clarify the direction of China's major scientific and technological infrastructure development in the next 20 years. And the construction of the "Twelfth Five-Year" period, the development of this plan.

First, the planning basis and background

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the state has continuously increased investment. The scale of China's major science and technology infrastructure has continued to grow, the coverage area has been continuously expanded, the technical level has been significantly improved, and comprehensive benefits have become increasingly apparent. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, 12 major scientific and technological infrastructures were started, and 10 inspection and acceptance facilities were launched. The total number of facilities under construction and operation has reached 32. The construction and operation of the facilities have provided important support for the scientific frontier exploration and the development of major national scientific and technological tasks, and promoted the scientific research level of some frontier directions in the fields of particle physics, nuclear physics and life sciences in China to enter the international advanced ranks. Relying on facilities has solved a number of major scientific and technological issues concerning national economy, people's livelihood and national security, and played an irreplaceable role in manned spaceflight, resource exploration, disaster prevention and mitigation, and biodiversity conservation. The construction of the facility has driven a number of high-tech developments such as large-scale superconducting, precision manufacturing, measurement and control, and ultra-high vacuum, which has promoted the improvement of the technical level of related industries; condensed and trained a group of top scientists and research teams at home and abroad, as well as high-level engineering technology. And management talent. In addition, the facility has played a unique role in deepening international cooperation and exchanges in science and technology, improving the scientific quality of the whole nation, and enhancing national self-confidence. At the same time of rapid development, China's major scientific and technological infrastructure also has some problems: the overall scale is small, the number is small, the discipline layout is systematic and forward-looking, the technical level needs to be further improved, and the level of open sharing and efficient utilization still needs to be improved. The management system and mechanism need to be improved, and the construction of engineering technology and management team needs to be strengthened.

In today's world, science and technology development is gestating a series of revolutionary breakthroughs. Developed countries and newly industrialized countries have increased investment in major science and technology infrastructure construction, expanded construction scale and coverage areas, and seized the commanding heights of future science and technology development. China's major science and technology infrastructure construction faces A new situation where opportunities and challenges coexist.

(1) The revolutionary breakthrough in the frontier of science is increasingly dependent on the support capabilities of major technological infrastructure. Modern scientific research is deepening in micro, macro and complexity, discipline differentiation and cross-integration are accelerating, and scientific research goals are increasingly integrated. More and more research activities in the scientific field require the support of large-scale research facilities, which require continuous improvement of the unit size and technical performance of the technology infrastructure, and strengthen mutual cooperation to form a large-scale comprehensive facility. Further strengthening China's major scientific and technological infrastructure construction will help to seize the opportunities and make a difference in the new round of scientific and technological revolution.

(2) Technological innovation and industrial development increasingly require a strong driving force for major technological infrastructure. At present, the trend of mutual support and collaborative breakthrough in scientific research and technology research and development is increasingly evident, and the pace of technological innovation and industrial revitalization is accelerating. The construction and operation of major technological infrastructures are increasingly focusing on the integration of scientific exploration and technological change, and can generate a large number of new technologies, new processes and new equipment to accelerate the gestation, transformation and application of high technology. China has deployed a number of major scientific and technological infrastructures in a number of important areas, which is conducive to better promoting industrial technological progress, solving bottleneck scientific problems in economic and social development, accelerating the cultivation of strategic emerging industries, and realizing the transformation and support of economic development. Economic and social development is of great significance.

(3) International science and technology competition and cooperation increasingly require the traction and support of major technological infrastructure. In recent years, in the scientific and technological fields that are related to the core interests of the country, competition among major countries in major infrastructure construction has become increasingly fierce. At the same time, with the increasing global problems such as climate change, ecological protection, and population health, in the field of science and technology that affects the common interests of human beings and long-term development, joint ventures are built because of the capital investment and technical difficulty of construction facilities exceeding the capabilities of individual countries. And collaborative research is increasingly becoming an important way to develop major technology infrastructure. Accelerate the upgrading of China's major scientific and technological infrastructure, and launch cooperative construction plans in key areas of advantages in a timely manner, which is conducive to winning the initiative in international scientific and technological competition and cooperation, and continuously improving the international influence of China's science and technology.

The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, emphasizing that scientific and technological innovation is the strategic support for improving social productivity and overall national strength, and must be placed at the core of the overall development of the country. This has given new missions and responsibilities to the construction and operation of major national science and technology infrastructure. In the face of new situations and new tasks, China must accelerate the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure, further highlight the basic, forward-looking and strategic role of facilities construction in China's overall development strategy, strengthen the connection with relevant plans and plans, and strengthen support services. Optimize the layout of facilities, upgrade the technical level, strengthen personnel training, form a relatively complete major technology infrastructure system, promote the ability of independent innovation, and effectively support the construction of innovative countries.

Second, guiding ideology, construction principles and construction goals

(1) Guiding ideology.

Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thinking of the "Three Represents", and the scientific outlook on development, the implementation of the National Science and Technology Innovation Conference and the deepening of the reform of the science and technology system and the acceleration of the construction of the national innovation system will be carried out to enhance the original innovation capability and support major technological breakthroughs. With the combination of sound synergy innovation and open sharing mechanism, the combination of layout and integration, the combination of independent development and international cooperation, the combination of facilities construction and personnel training, increase investment, and accelerate the construction and improvement of major science and technology infrastructure systems. Comprehensively improve the level of facilities construction and operational efficiency, and provide strong support for the long-term development of China's science and technology and the construction of innovative countries.

(2) Construction principles .

The first is to look at the long-term and serve the overall situation. Highlighting the strategic nature of major science and technology infrastructure construction, it is necessary to aim at exploring the forefront of the unknown world and discovering the laws of nature. It is also necessary to combine national conditions, focus on major scientific and technological problems affecting future economic and social development and national security, and link up key scientific and technological projects. And other related plans and plans to strengthen the support of the construction of the country's major strategies.

The second is scientific planning and system layout. Grasp the overall trend of scientific and technological development, organically link existing scientific and technological resources, comprehensively consider the layout of disciplines, strengthen international cooperation, comprehensively plan and construct major science and technology infrastructure construction and development, and form a “explore batch, pre-research a batch, build a batch And run a batch of development pattern.

The third is to break through and achieve leapfrogging. Prioritize and prioritize scientific frontiers and interdisciplinary fields that have comparative advantages, urgent needs for technological development, or technological breakthroughs. Select the main direction, focus on superior resources, accelerate the construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure, and achieve leapfrog development in key areas.

The fourth is the innovation mechanism and sustainable development. Taking the construction of major science and technology infrastructure as an important starting point for deepening the reform of the science and technology system, aiming at the basic and public welfare characteristics of major science and technology infrastructures, establishing a sound and efficient input mechanism, an open and shared operational mechanism, a collaborative innovation mechanism for production, education and research, and science. A coordinated management system will improve the scientific and technological benefits of the construction and operation of facilities and form a good situation for sustained and healthy development.

(3) Construction objectives.

By 2030, a major scientific and technological infrastructure system with complete layout, advanced technology, efficient operation and strong support will be basically built. The facilities in the traditional large-scale scientific field have been improved and upgraded, and the layout of facilities in the emerging fields has been relatively complete. It can fully support the original research in the frontier science and technology fields; the technical level of facilities continues to improve, and the technical indicators of a large number of facilities are in the leading position in the world; The system of co-management and sharing is more perfect, and the efficiency of operation and use has entered the forefront of the world as a whole; the scientific and technological benefits and economic and social benefits of the facilities have been remarkable, and a number of scientific research achievements with world influence have been obtained, which has promoted a group of revolutionary and industrial upgrading. High-tech; basically formed a number of world-class major technological infrastructure clusters with reasonable layout, and the overall international influence and status of the facilities have been significantly improved.

At the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the following objectives must be achieved: the overall technical level of major science and technology infrastructure has basically entered the international advanced ranks, and some facilities in the fields of material science, nuclear fusion and astronomy have reached the international leading level. The ability to support the development of science and technology has been significantly enhanced, and a group of world-class scientific research talents have been condensed. Some of the frontier directions can carry out international top-level research work, and the major scientific and technological fields related to economic and social development initially have the ability to achieve substantive breakthroughs. The total amount of major scientific and technological infrastructure put into operation and under construction is close to 50. The construction of facilities in weak areas has been strengthened, the direction of advantages has been further consolidated and developed, and a number of major technological infrastructure clusters with major influences in the international arena have been built. Major technological infrastructures have been built. The system begins to take shape. The operation mechanism with open sharing as the core is basically established, and the management system that conforms to the characteristics and development rules of the facility is initially formed. The operation and use efficiency of the facilities have reached the international advanced level.

Third, the overall deployment

In the next 20 years, aim at the frontier research of science and technology and the major strategic needs of the country, based on the international trends and domestic foundations of major technological infrastructure development, energy, life, earth system and environment, materials, particle physics and nuclear physics, space and astronomy, engineering The seven science fields, including technology, will focus on improving the major technology infrastructure systems from the four levels of pre-research, new construction, promotion and upgrading. In the direction of a possible revolutionary breakthrough, we will carry out a number of exploration and pre-research work with better development prospects, and consolidate the technical foundation of facility construction; and start construction of a number of facilities with significant scientific research and basic conditions in time for the period of 2016-2030. To strengthen the ability of sustainable development of science and technology in the future; in the field of China with certain foundations and advantages, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we will build a number of facilities that are in urgent need of scientific research and mature conditions, and strengthen the support capacity for sustainable development of science and technology; Complete the construction tasks, increase the project management and technical research efforts, and strive to be completed and put into use as soon as possible; further improve the technical indicators and comprehensive performance of the facilities that have already been put into operation but still have great development potential, and maximize their performance. Scientific benefits.

(1) The field of energy science.

With the goal of solving the scientific problems of sustainable use of energy in human society, we are aiming at China's medium and long-term nuclear energy development and safe operation, efficient and clean utilization and transformation of fossil energy, and large-scale utilization of renewable energy, with nuclear energy and high-efficiency fossil energy research facilities. Focusing on construction, focusing on the combination of new energy, new materials and network technology, and gradually improving the layout of major scientific and technological infrastructure in related fields, providing support for new breakthroughs in energy science and technological change in energy conservation and emission reduction.

Nuclear energy. Improve the performance of the full superconducting Tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device, actively participate in the international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor program, maintain China's advanced position in the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion research; build a long-life high-level nuclear waste tamper safe disposal experimental device To overcome the technical bottleneck of the safe and clean development of nuclear fission energy; to start the construction of high-efficiency safety fusion reactor research facilities in a timely manner, and accelerate the fusion energy to the actual application process.

Fossil energy. Construct high-efficiency low-carbon gas turbine test equipment, support major basic theoretical research in related fields, solve key scientific and technological problems of coal clean utilization and efficient conversion; explore pre-research carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage research facilities to provide technical support for global climate change.

Renewable energy. For the problems of low energy density and random fluctuations such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy, we will explore pre-research energy capture, energy storage, conversion, and grid-connected research facilities to promote the large-scale and efficient use of renewable energy.

(2) The field of life sciences.

With the goal of exploring the mysteries of life and solving major scientific and technological problems in human health and sustainable development of agriculture, the aim is to comprehensively analyze the laws of motion of complex living systems, the transformation of basic research in biology and medicine into clinical applications, the development of germplasm resources and the development of modern breeding. Focus on the construction of comprehensive research facilities with large-scale installations as the core and integration of various instruments and equipment, and improve the public welfare service facilities based on large-scale data resources, supporting the development of life sciences to complex macro and micro poles and achieving organic unity, breaking through life and health, Major technological bottlenecks in Pratt & Whitney medical and biological breeding.

Modern medicine. Establish a translational medical research facility to systematically understand the laws of the occurrence, development and prognosis of human diseases from the aspects of molecules, cells, tissues and individuals, and promote the rapid transformation of biomedical basic research results into clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques.

Agricultural science. Established the National Agricultural Biosafety Science Center, an innovative theory, method and prevention and control technology to support agricultural dangerous alien invasive organisms, agricultural devastating highly mutative organisms and agricultural genetically modified organisms; construction model animal research facilities, support Phenotypic and genotypic relationship, high-throughput acquisition and engineering transformation of genetic information, development and application of cell and animal models; timely initiation of crop germplasm phenotypes and construction of genetic, animal diseases, agricultural microbial research facilities, supporting agricultural biology in China Sustainable development of technology and industry and biodiversity conservation.

Frontier aspects of life sciences. Established a protein science research facility to support high-throughput, high-precision, large-scale protein preparation and purification, structural analysis, and functional research; explore pre-research system biology research facilities and synthetic biology research facilities to meet the needs of complex systems Understand the needs of the structure, behavior and control mechanisms of living organisms, comprehensively analyze the laws of movement of biological systems, and solve the scientific problems of transformation and design of life.

The basic support aspect of life science research. Start large-scale imaging and precision and high-efficiency analytical research facilities at the right time to meet the needs of biological real-time, in-situ research and multi-dimensional detection, analysis, and synthesis technology development; explore the construction of pre-research biological information centers to provide scientific data and germplasm for life science research Basic support for resources, experimental samples and materials.

(3) Earth system and environmental science.

Aiming at achieving the harmonious development of human beings and nature, facing the evolution and change process of the earth structure, the composition and fine structure of the earth's crust, the complex interaction between the layers of the Earth system and its coupling process, and the response of the layers under the control of the sun and its activities Coupling, the process and mechanism of human activities affecting the environment, focusing on the construction of seabed observations, numerical simulations and benchmarking facilities, and gradually forming a system of Earth system and environmental science that complements observation, detection and simulation.

On-site detection and observation. Complete a comprehensive marine scientific research vessel to meet the needs of integrated marine environment observation, detection, and fidelity sampling and on-site analysis; build an aviation remote sensing system to improve China's remote sensing information technology and equipment research and development capabilities, and provide fast, real-time for natural disasters and emergencies Accurate remote sensing data; build a scientific observation network for the seabed to provide support for national marine safety, resource and energy development, environmental monitoring and disaster warning and forecasting; timely start technical monitoring, deep sea exploration and investigation, etc. The construction of research facilities such as deep exploration and dynamic monitoring of solid earth, land and sea environment observation, comprehensive long-term continuous monitoring and data accumulation at multiple time and space scales, and gradually form a three-dimensional, dynamic monitoring and analysis capability for the Earth system.

Benchmark system construction. Construct precision gravity measurement research facilities to obtain high-resolution, high-precision basic data on earth quality changes, support solid earth evolution, ocean and climate change dynamics, water resources distribution and geological hazard laws to meet national security, resource exploration and prevention Strategic needs for disaster mitigation. The establishment of benchmark systems including ground-based benchmarks, environmental benchmarks, and deep space benchmarks will be initiated in due course.

Numerical and experimental simulation aspects. Construct earth system numerical simulation devices to support climate change, Earth system and simulation of various layers of processes, understand the basic laws of the Earth's environmental processes, and improve the ability to predict environmental changes and major disasters. Start the construction of environmental pollution mechanism and change research simulation equipment in a timely manner, support air pollution, watershed water pollution prediction model development and climate change model research, improve air quality, watershed water pollution and other forecasting and early warning capabilities.

(4) The field of materials science.

Adapting to the trend of material science research from the empirical exploration stage to the artificial design regulation stage, oriented to the phenomenon of quantum matter evolution, nanoscale quantum structure, material properties and material evolution under extreme conditions, service performance of important engineering materials, etc. Control and engineering materials experiments are the focus of research, layout and improvement of major scientific and technological infrastructure in related fields, and promote the development of material science and technology to functional, complex, intelligent, miniaturized and coordinated with the environment.

Material characterization and regulation. Improve the existing synchrotron radiation source, build a soft X-ray free electron laser test device, build a high-energy synchrotron radiation source verification device; explore the pre-exploration hard X-ray free electron laser device construction, and start the construction of high-performance low-energy synchrotron radiation source in time to meet The nano-spatial resolution, picosecond to femtosecond time resolution, and extremely high energy momentum resolution are needed to analyze the multi-level structure of materials, and gradually form a national light source system with reasonable layout. A sparse neutron source and a strong magnetic field experimental device were built, and a research facility for extremely low temperature, ultra-fast, and ultra-high pressure extreme conditions was constructed to form a pattern combining with large-scale synchrotron radiation sources to satisfy research and discover new physical states, new phenomena, new laws, and The need to create new materials.

Engineering materials experiment. To build a major engineering material service safety research and evaluation facility to support structural performance research at different scales and cross-scales; to explore pre-research ultra-fast spectral interface reaction detection devices, construction of extreme and industrial special service environment simulation devices, and study of supporting materials service behavior and laws; Combined with high-energy synchrotron radiation source, the on-line device construction of comprehensive engineering environment is started in time to support real-time and in-situ research of engineering materials in real environment.

(5) The field of particle physics and nuclear physics.

With the goal of revealing the smallest unit of matter and its interaction law, we will build large-scale research facilities and improve the microcosm in the direction of new particles and new physics exploration, dark matter and dark energy detection, medium and low energy nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics research. Exploring ability and the basic level of knowledge in the natural world.

Particle physics. Construct high-energy cosmic ray research facilities, explore high-energy space particle origins and related new physical frontiers; start non-accelerator experimental facilities for neutrinos and other high-energy particle physics research in a timely manner, and explore the construction of pre-research new accelerator experimental facilities.

Nuclear physics. The construction of high-performance heavy ion beam research equipment will enable China's nuclear physics basic research to enter the international advanced level at the nuclear level; explore the construction of pre-research strong-current radioactive beam experimental facilities.

(6) Space and astronomical sciences.

With the aim of revealing the mysteries of the universe and explaining the laws governing the movement of matter, facing the origin and evolution of cosmic celestial bodies, solar activities and impacts on the earth, space environment and material effects, facilities are constructed according to different spatial scales such as the universe, galaxies, and solar systems. China's astronomical observation research capabilities, space weather and disaster response capabilities, and space science experimental basis capabilities.

Cosmic and astrophysics. The construction of large-caliber radio telescopes will provide support for the study of large-scale structures and physical laws of the universe; build the Chinese Antarctic Observatory, support cutting-edge research on dark matter, dark energy, cosmic origin, celestial origin, etc.; explore pre-research advanced multi-band astronomical observation facilities, and gradually Form a relatively complete astronomical observation and data application system.

Sun and solar space observations. Establish a space environment monitoring network to reveal the temporal and spatial changes of the near-space environment, and gradually form a space environment monitoring and early warning capability covering more important areas; timely launch large-scale solar observation and research facilities to support the sun and interplanetary, The magnetosphere, ionosphere, and mid-to-high-level atmospheric processes and laws are studied to deepen the sun's changes and their understanding of the Earth's and human influences.

Research on space environmental materials. Construction of space environment and material effects simulation devices to support the study of near-ground space environment and materials, components, structures, systems and organisms; exploration of pre-research space microgravity science experimental facilities, Antarctic balloon station and gravitational wave research facilities It reveals the laws of space microgravity environmental material movement and enhances the research capabilities of deep space exploration, space basic physics and space utilization in China.

(7) Engineering and technical sciences.

Aiming at the foundations and frontiers of information technology development in the future, major technological issues in engineering technologies such as the dynamic characteristics of rock mass and geological disaster processes, with the main goal of generating transformative technologies, with information technology, geotechnical engineering and aerodynamics For the research focus, explore and gradually promote the construction of relevant facilities, and provide basic support for ensuring the implementation of national key tasks and leading the future industrial development.

Information technology. Construct future network research facilities, solve the scientific and technological problems of future network and information system development, provide experimental verification support for future network technology development; start the construction of next-generation timing system in time, support the development of ultra-precision time-frequency technology, and gradually form high-precision satellite timing The system and the development of a high-precision ground-based timing system.

Geotechnical engineering. Start the construction of the super-gravity simulation research facility in time, reveal the dynamic characteristics of the complex rock mass plasty; explore the pre-research large-scale earthquake simulation research facility construction, carry out the ground motion input and the engineering earthquake disaster simulation study; explore the pre-research deep geotechnical research facility construction To reveal the mechanical characteristics of deep rock masses.

Aerodynamics. A multi-functional icing wind tunnel was built to support the effects of different ice types and ice accumulation processes on the aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft; large-scale low-speed wind tunnels were constructed to support aerodynamic noise, flow separation and vortex motion, flow control, fluid-structure coupling, Research on electromagnetic aerodynamics; timely launch of large transonic wind tunnels, low temperature and high Reynolds number wind tunnels, and advanced aeroengine research facilities, providing necessary research and testing methods for aerospace and high-speed railway construction in China.

4. Construction priorities during the 12th Five-Year Plan period

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, in the areas of China's urgent need for scientific and technological development, comparative advantages and breakthroughs in science and technology, comprehensive consideration of scientific goals, technical foundations, research needs and talent teams will give priority to the construction of 16 major scientific and technological infrastructures. .

(1) Submarine Science Observation Network.

Marine scientific research is undergoing a revolutionary change from a brief survey of the sea to long-term internal observations, which will fundamentally change human understanding of the ocean. Along the scientific goal of realizing all-weather, comprehensive and long-term continuous real-time observation of the internal processes of the ocean and their interrelationships, the long-term scientific observation network of the seabed is mainly composed of: the optical cable-based shelf and deep-sea observation system, and the expansion of the seabed observation network based on wireless transmission. System, based on fixed platform, submarine observation network integrated node system, shore base station, support system and management center. After the completion of the facility, it will provide support for national marine safety, deep sea energy and resource development, environmental monitoring, and marine disaster warning and forecasting.

(2) High-energy synchrotron radiation source verification device .

High-energy synchrotron radiation source is an indispensable means for frontier basic science, engineering physics and engineering materials, and is the commanding height of competition in the world of synchronous radiation sources. With the goal of building the world's highest brightness and high-energy synchrotron radiation source, we will build related verification devices, including: high-energy accelerators, beam lines, experimental stations and other engineering pre-research and engineering prototypes of key components. Trial production of magnet systems, high-precision beam position measurement and control systems, high-performance inserts, nano-hard X-ray focusing systems, ultra-high resolution X-ray monochromators, nanopositioning and scanning devices. After the completion of the facility, it will lay a solid foundation for the construction of high-energy synchrotron radiation sources in China.

(3) Accelerator-driven enthalpy research device.

The safe disposal and disposal of long-lived nuclear waste is a bottleneck affecting the continued development of nuclear power. Accelerator-driven subcritical reaction system utilizes spallation neutron metamorphic nuclear waste to greatly reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste. It has the characteristics of high safety and strong enthalpy, and is one of the best means for safe disposal of nuclear waste. In order to deeply study the scientific problems in the process of nuclear waste transmutation, we will break through a series of core key technologies and construct experimental devices for the nuclear waste enthalpy change principle, including: high-current proton linacs, high-power neutron spallation targets, liquid metal cooled subcritical reactors. Three major subsystems. After the completion of the facility, it will meet the research needs of China's long-life and high-level nuclear reactor waste safety and proper disposal, and provide technical support for the sustainable development of nuclear energy in China.

(4) Comprehensive experimental equipment for extreme conditions.

Extreme physical conditions are an indispensable means of expanding the space of material science research, discovering and studying new physical states, new phenomena, and new laws. Aiming at the trend of integration, integration and scale development of the extreme conditions required for the current frontier research of condensed matter physics, chemistry and materials, the goal of providing scientific means for the study of quantum matter, functional materials and dynamic processes of physical state changes , the construction of comprehensive material science research extreme conditions user equipment, mainly including: extremely low temperature system to achieve sub-open temperature, ultra high pressure system above 300 gigapascals, sub-flight second time-resolved ultra-fast laser system, and extremely low temperature An integrated system that combines ultra-high pressure, strong magnetic fields and ultra-fast light fields. After the facility is completed, it will provide strong support for material science research.

(5) Strong current heavy ion accelerator.

High-current intense radionuclides, high-power heavy ion clusters, and wide-energy heavy ion beams are indispensable means of exploring the limits of atomic nucleus and studying the properties of atomic singularities. Focusing on the short-life nuclear mass measurement, radioactive beam physics, high energy density physics and heavy ion beam applications, the construction of strong current heavy ion accelerator devices, including: strong current ion source, superconducting linear accelerator, large acceptance radioactivity Beam line, cooling storage ring synchrotron and physical experiment terminal. After the completion of the facility, it will provide important support for the study of the limits of nuclear existence, new phenomena and new laws of nuclear structure, and the origin of heavy elements in the universe.

(6) High-efficiency low-carbon gas turbine test equipment.

Focusing on gas dynamics, combustion science and heat and mass transfer in the efficient conversion and clean utilization of fossil fuels, in order to achieve high pressure ratio, high turbine temperature, high efficiency and near zero emissions, the construction of high efficiency low carbon gas turbine test equipment, mainly Including: full-temperature, full-pressure, full-flow, full-size large-scale test-device research systems for compressors, combustion chambers and high-temperature turbines, as well as sophisticated and high-precision test systems. After the completion of the facility, it will provide research and development tools for the research of gas turbine components and system characteristics in China, and provide basic support for the sustainable and low-carbon development of fossil energy.

(7) High-altitude cosmic ray observation station.

The origin of cosmic rays has always been one of the biggest mysteries of physics. China has long-term accumulation and deep foundation in high-altitude cosmic ray observation research. The site conditions have special geographical advantages, and it is suitable for constructing multi-parameter cosmic ray composite observation station composed of several advanced detection systems. Focusing on the scientific goal of promoting the development of international very high-energy gamma astronomy into a new era of large statistics, the construction of large-scale high-altitude air shower cosmic ray observatories, including: 1 million square meters of detection arrays, 90,000 square meters of gamma-ray survey Telescope, 24 wide-angle Cherenkov telescopes, 0.5 million square meters of core detector array. After the facility is built, it will integrate high-sensitivity, large field of view, full-time scanning and search gamma ray source, gamma ray intensity spatial distribution and accurate energy spectrum measurement into an internationally competitive cosmic ray research center. .

(8) Future network test facilities.

The convergence of triple play, cloud computing and Internet of Things poses great challenges to the scalability, security, mobility, energy consumption and quality of service of the existing Internet. The Internet based on TCP/IP protocol relies on increased bandwidth and incremental improvements. It is no longer able to meet the needs of future development. In order to break through the future network basic theory and support the next generation Internet experiment, build future network test facilities, including: original network equipment system, resource monitoring management system, covering cloud computing services, Internet of Things applications, spatial information network simulation, network information security Open network test systems such as high-performance integrated circuit verification and quantum communication networks. After the completion of the facility, the network coverage exceeds 10 cities, supporting no less than 128 heterogeneous network parallel experiments, which will provide necessary experimental verification conditions for space network, optical network and quantum network research.

(9) Space environment ground simulation device.

Extreme space environments such as magnetic storms and high-energy particle irradiation may have a significant impact on space activities. In order to ensure the smooth development of human space exploration activities, it is necessary to break through the limitations of ground single-factor simulation and comprehensively understand the effects of comprehensive factors of space environment on matter. With the objective of revealing the evolution law of material structure under the conditions of space environment and the physical nature of various environmental coupling effects, the ground simulation research device for space environment and material action mainly includes: space environment simulation source, large vacuum and heat sink, comprehensive test analysis System, etc. After the completion of the facility, it will provide strong support for China's space science development and deep space exploration simulation research.

(10) Translational medical research facilities.

Translational medical research is an important direction for the development of modern medicine. It plays a key role in promoting the rapid transformation of medical basic research results into clinical application and improving the level of diagnosis and treatment. Focusing on major scientific issues in the occurrence, development and prominence of major human diseases, the establishment of translational medical research facilities mainly includes: clinical resource pools that meet international standards and have the characteristics of human races and diseases in China, medical information technology systems, and disease biomarkers. Testing, functional analysis and clinical validation technology systems, personalized medical technology systems, cellular, tissue and regenerative medical technology systems, clinical technology research and development systems. After the completion of the facility, it will promote the combination of clinical medicine and system biology, and promote the research level of translational medicine in China.

(11) China Antarctic Observatory.

The Antarctic inland hail A is the area where the expedition team of China first arrived and used from the ground. The atmospheric turbulent boundary layer is extremely thin, and the water vapor content in the atmosphere is extremely low. It is the rarest resource for astronomical observing sites on the earth and the long-term development of astronomical research. In the Antarctic inland hail A, make full use of the existing infrastructure of the Antarctic Kunlun Station in China, including the terahertz telescope, optical and infrared telescopes, remote control systems, and support service systems. After the completion of the facility, it will open up a unique terahertz band astronomical observation window on the earth, which will provide strong support for studying the scientific issues of the universe and celestial origin, dark matter, dark energy and extraterrestrial life.

(12) Precision gravity measurement research facilities.

Precision gravity measurement is an indispensable means to obtain basic data on global and local regional changes in global quality. It has a wide range of applications in large-scale mineral resource exploration, environmental change research and gravity-assisted navigation. The construction of precision gravity measurement research facilities mainly includes: precision gravity measurement reference table and detection system, satellite, aviation and underwater gravity detection environment simulation and physical simulation test system, global high-precision gravity field data processing system.该设施建成后，将为解决固体地球演化、海洋与气候变化、水资源分布和地质灾害研究中的科学问题提供重要支撑。

(十三)大型低速风洞。

大型运输机、客机及地面交通工具研制对低速风洞的规模、技术性能不断提出新要求。着眼飞机地面效应试验、大飞机涡扇发动机动力影响模拟和反推力影响试验、飞机和车辆气动声学试验的科技需求，建设回流式、多试验段、多功能大型低速风洞，具备支撑飞行器起飞、着陆特性研究，发动机、机身、机翼一体化研究，气动力及气动声学和降噪研究的能力。该设施建成后，流场品质和综合性能将达到国际先进水平。

(十四)上海光源线站工程。

上海同步辐射装置(上海光源)是第三代中能同步辐射光源，具有最多可提供60多条光束线和近百个实验站的能力，完全建成后将为我国多学科前沿研究取得突破提供有力支撑。在已建成的7条光束线站基础上，围绕满足我国材料科学、能源科学、环境科学以及生命科学等领域迅速发展的研究需求，建设上海光源线站工程，主要包括：新建若干光束线站，扩建用户实验支撑条件，进一步提升光源性能。该设施建成后，将大幅提升光源和束线的能力，使上海光源继续保持国际先进水平，为相关科学研究提供更全面、先进、便捷的支撑。

(十五)模式动物表型与遗传研究设施 。

模式动物表型性状的精确测定和度量是解析生命规律，开发疾病调控方式的关键之一。以解决表型和基因型测定及关联遗传机制分析中的科学问题为目标，建设重要模式动物的表型与遗传分析研究设施，主要包括：表型及基因型连续、快速、综合、自动化与智能化获取分析系统，表型和基因型全面自动检测分析系统，信息集成、处理及遗传性状分析系统等。该设施建成后，可系统、准确地描述生命的表型、基因型及其在环境变化中的响应，并以此正确描述生命的调节状态和方式，为人类疾病、动物生命过程调节等研究提供支撑。

(十六)地球系统数值模拟器。

地球系统模拟是衡量地球科学研究综合水平的重要标志，是开展气候变化、防灾减灾和环境治理等科学研究不可缺少的手段。以认识地球环境复杂系统、模拟地球系统圈层变化和长期气候变化、精细描述和预测地球物理化学及生物过程等为目标，建设地球系统数值模拟器，主要包括：超级计算及存储专用系统，超级模拟支撑与管理软件系统，地球各层圈过程模拟软件系统，地球系统科学数据库与海量数据智能分析与可视化系统等。该设施建成后，将大幅提高我国地球系统模拟的整体能力和重大自然灾害预测预警、气候变化预估的研究水平。

V. Safeguard measures

(一)健全管理制度 。加快完善管理规章制度，规范和促进重大科技基础设施的建设、运行和管理。健全部门协调制度，加强规划实施中各部门间的统筹协调，发展改革、科技、财政等部门要各司其职、分工协作。建立健全规划动态调整机制，滚动推进“十二五”建设重点的立项和实施，并根据形势发展每五年对规划内容进行必要调整。制定符合设施特点和发展规律的管理办法，加强设施运行评价，提高设施运行效率。完善设施建设配套政策措施，鼓励地方政府在土地、资金、人才等方面出台相关政策，形成共同支持设施发展的良好局面。

(二)保障资金投入 。加强重大科技基础设施预研、建设、升级改造、运行和科研的协调，加大财政资金投入力度，鼓励企业等其他来源资金投入，形成多元化投入格局。规范投入管理，加强绩效评价，切实提高资金的使用效率和效益。

(三)强化开放共享 。健全重大科技基础设施开放共享制度，最大限度发挥其公共平台作用。健全用户参与机制，形成科研院所、高等学校、企业等多方共建、共管和共享的局面。统筹安排开放共享配套条件建设，提高设施科研服务能力。将开放共享程度作为设施运行考核的重要指标，根据评价结果配置运行资源。

(四)协同推进预研 。加强部门沟通协调，协同加强预研工作，为重大科技基础设施建设提供充分的技术和工程储备。充分利用现有资金渠道，系统安排原理探索、技术攻关、工程验证等类型的预研项目。强化预研工作各阶段以及预研与设施建设之间的衔接，形成循序推进、动态调整、持续发展的良好局面。

(五)加强人才培养 。坚持设施建设与人才培养相结合，造就高水平的重大科技基础设施建设、管理和科研人才队伍。制定与设施发展相配套的人才计划，吸引和凝聚一大批高层次创新人才。加强设施建设与国家科技重大专项、重大科技计划的衔接，加速培养一批高水平科技创新领军人才，造就一批科研、工程和管理人才队伍。建立健全与设施特点相适应的人员分类评价、考核、激励政策，凝聚和稳定设施建设和运行专业人员队伍。

(六)促进国际合作。适应重大科技基础设施发展日益国际化的趋势，结合我国科技发展实际需求，积极参与享有知识产权和使用权的重大科技基础设施国际合作项目。积极探索以我为主的国际合作，吸引国外资源参与我国发起的重大科技基础设施建设和相关科学研究。注重引进国外先进技术和管理经验，提高我国重大科技基础设施建设、运行的技术和管理水平。

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