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1. Reasonable planning of vegetable layout Autumn cabbage should avoid contact with cabbage, radish and cabbage, which can reduce the occurrence of aphids and viral diseases; stop planting or compressing cruciferous vegetables in summer, and have more on Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, etc. The pests have the function of “removing the bridge†and breaking the generation; the cultivation of celery, rape (green vegetables) and lettuce in the autumn and winter greenhouses in the northern solar greenhouse helps to cut off the life history of pests such as whitefly and white mites in the greenhouse.
2. Reasonable crop rotation is the most simple, economical and effective measure to prevent, control or alleviate certain diseases and insect pests of vegetables, and it is beneficial to regulate and improve soil traits and coordinate the utilization of soil moisture and nutrients. The rotation cycle is generally 2 to 3 years.
3. Reasonable intercropping research and practice have proved that if vegetables and certain crops are properly mixed in the form of intercropping, intercropping or hybridization, it is often possible to control or mitigate the occurrence of certain pests and diseases, and thus receive “no pesticides, winsâ€. The effect of pesticide application.
According to reports, corn and spicy (green) pepper intercropping, due to the shading effect of corn, pepper sunburn and viral diseases are reduced by 72% compared with single cropping; corn and green pepper intercropping, can reduce green pepper virus disease by 56.9%; corn in the line Cucumber can reduce cucumber mosaic disease by 61.6%; corn intercropping cabbage, because the field temperature is lower than 0.5°C in single field, and the ground temperature is reduced by 2°C, which can reduce cabbage virus disease by more than 20% and leukoplakia by 18%. The occurrence of soft rot and downy mildew is also obviously reduced; the intercropping of potato and garlic can inhibit the occurrence of potato late blight; the melon and tomato together can significantly reduce the daily burning of tomatoes; the onion and carrot are planted in Together, their respective odors can expel mutual pests; planting cabbage with garlic can reduce the soft rot of cabbage by 62.5%; intercropping between Chinese cabbage and leeks can significantly reduce the soft rot of cabbage; cabbage, cabbage Let the cruciferous vegetables grow lettuce, tomato or peppermint, and the irritating odor emitted by the latter can prevent the cabbages that lay eggs on the cruciferous vegetables from escaping.
4. Selection of anti-(resistant, avoiding) diseases and insects. In the current vegetable production, resistant varieties are more common, and there are fewer varieties of insect-resistant varieties. Some insect-repellent varieties have been widely used, among which tomato hair powder 802 leaves back. The dense silvery gray fluff has a strong repellent effect on aphids and whitefly, and is also resistant to viral diseases. Vegetable soy bean pods with low hair or hairless varieties, bean pods, and soybeans have less spawning. In the spring, cabbages should be selected from early-maturing varieties such as Zhonggan series, and with cultivation techniques such as mulching and film mulching, so that the harvesting period should be advanced, avoiding the harm of the cabbage buds.
5. After harvesting the pastoral vegetables, the debris of the diseased plants left in the field will be collected and burned or buried in time to reduce the source of insects (bacteria) in the next growing season and adjacent vegetable fields, especially for aphids, mites, A variety of pests such as whitefly, thrips, leaf miner, diamondback moth, and melon are effective; weeds are wintering places or transition hosts for many pathogens and pests, and weeding can reduce cockroaches, cockroaches, tigers, and cockroaches. , yellow squash and harmful mollusks, etc.
6. High temperature shack in the summer and autumn high temperature season, after fertilization and tumbling in the shed, cover the plastic film, close the greenhouse door and vent, let the shed temperature increase as much as possible, forming a high temperature anaerobic environment for at least 7 to 10 days. It can kill a variety of pathogens, nematodes, pests and weeds in the soil.
7. Artificial protection Summer and autumn seasons cover shade nets, insect nets and plastic films, which not only help to cool down, prevent rain, but also prevent insects and diseases, and are important technical measures for high-quality vegetable production. The production of fruits and vegetables in the northern sheds covers the insect-repellent nets, which can block the invasion and occurrence of pests such as whitefly, aphids, larvae, and cotton bollworms. The production of green vegetables in the southern summer and autumn can prevent the diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar, beet armyworm, and twill night. Insects such as moths and mites invade.
8. Irrigation and control of the larvae of the larvae of the larvae of the larvae are high in temperature and high humidity. In the high temperature season, water spray and flooding in the topsoil of the vegetable fields can reduce the emergence rate of cockroaches; timely winter irrigation can destroy a variety of wintering pests in the soil. Habitat, reducing the source of overwintering insects.
9. Treatment of insects with fertilizer: Urea has the function of destroying chitin of insects, and is prepared by mixing urea, washing powder and water in a ratio of 4:1:400, and is a mites for vegetables and flowers. Various pests such as Pieris rapae and spider mites have good control effects; in the spawning period of Pieris rapae, 1 to 3% lime water or 1-3% calcium perphosphate leaching solution is sprayed, and the control effect is good.
10. Treat live insects with dead insects: pick 100 grams of cabbage caterpillar per acre, mash and rot, 250 ml of water, add 50 grams of washing powder, and then 50 kilograms of water, with 0.2% of the body fluid spray of cabbage caterpillar, the effect can be More than 90%.
11. Treatment of insects by bacteria: According to reports, the Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences uses the medium cultured and propagated to prevent and control greenhouse whitefly, and the parasitic rate of its nymphs can reach more than 80%.
12. Antibiotic treatment: 10% Liuyangmycin EC has a strong contact effect on mites, with a shelf life of 7 days, which is safe for natural enemies. Spray with 10% Liuyangmycin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times in the early stage of leaf blast, spray once every 7 days, and spray 2 or 3 times.
13. Heap grass trapping: Using the habit of living under the thin layer of haystacks, the small haystacks with a thickness of 10 to 20 cm are evenly placed in the field in a row of 5 meters and 3 meters, and the grass is concentrated next day. Hunting; if you put some bait under the haystack or use a wooden stick of 3 to 5 cm in diameter to form a cave, the effect is better.
14. Yellow plate trapping: Aphids, whitefly, etc. have strong traits towards yellow, and yellow plates can be set to trap adults. The method is: cut the fiberboard or cardboard into strips of 1×0.2 meters, paint them into orange peel yellow, and then apply a layer of viscous oil (mixed with No. 10 oil and a little butter), 32 to 34 pieces per acre. Between rows, the bottom of the yellow plate is level or slightly higher than the top of the plant. When the mites, whiteflies, etc. are stuck to the board, it is necessary to reapply the viscous oil, which can be reapplied once every 7 to 10 days.
15. Sexual hormonal trapping: The use of sex pheromones to control pests is a new pest control technology developed in recent years. The use of female moths to trap and kill is easy to operate, low in cost, easy to promote, and the application effect is obvious when the amount of insects is small. The practice is: use a 50-60 mesh insect net to make a circular cage 10 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, and put 1 or 2 unfinished female moths in each cage, and hang the cage on the basin, the basin Inside the water and add a little kerosene, put it in the field after dusk, and trap many male moths every night.
(Wang Yutang)
Source: Rural Volkswagen
Vegetable pests and diseases
Chemical control is the main measure to control vegetable pests and diseases, but as an auxiliary means, combining some agricultural, physical, biological and artificial measures with chemical control can not only get twice the result with half the effort, but also greatly Reducing the cost of pest control and reducing the pollution of pesticides to the environment are important ways and inevitable choices for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in rural areas.
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