The identification of porcelain mainly includes a number of items such as authenticity, Ding Dynasty, broken kiln mouth, valuation value, etc. In order to achieve these points, it is necessary to first understand the style characteristics of the porcelain of each dynasty and each kiln mouth, and In the end, it can be specific to what era a certain feature appears. For example, in the products of Zhejiang Deqing kiln in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a bright lacquered black glazed porcelain; during the Jin Dynasty, there were new techniques for brown dot color and even underglaze painting in the southern celadon; in the late Northern Dynasty, white glazed porcelain appeared in the north. and many more. It is necessary for readers to understand the history of ancient Chinese porcelain and some related knowledge. In the Xia and Shang dynasties three thousand years ago, the Chinese working people burned the "original celadon", which is the "early celadon" in this book. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, mature celadon was fired and it was possible to burn the earliest white porcelain. Due to the great improvement in the technology of burning, the situation of “Southern Qingbaibai†appeared in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Chinese porcelain industry flourished, and many new varieties emerged from monochrome glaze to various colored glazes, and the decorative patterns were prosperous and complicated. Due to the change of the famous kiln, Jiangxi Jingdezhen eventually became the center of the national porcelain industry. The following is a rough introduction to the main development of ancient Chinese porcelain in the dynasty, as the basic knowledge of readers to identify porcelain. The "early celadon" that appeared in the Xia and Shang dynasties was first seen in the Dongxia Feng site in Xia County, Shanxi Province. Then the green glaze intact device belonged to the Zhengzhou Erligang period, marking the origin of Chinese porcelain. The early celadon selection was not refined enough, so the tires were thicker, the process was simpler, the shape of the wares was less, the thickness of the glaze was uneven, and it was easy to peel off, and there was still a distance from the mature porcelain. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the number of early celadonware increased, the shape of the shape, and the glaze of the enamel had a great progress compared with the Shang Dynasty. On the celadon enamel and bean specimens that have been found, the earliest application of the "cosmetic soil" can be seen. . During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a large number of early celadons in many places had been relatively fine, with good forming end, uniform enamel, and increased types of utensils. In the late Warring States period, the burning of early celadon was interrupted by the East of Chu culture. Some similar products in Qin and Xihan gradually appeared. The Eastern Han Dynasty was the end of the "early celadon". At the same time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was the emergence of mature green glazed porcelain. The mature celadon is made of fine earth, the porcelain tire is sintered, the glaze is tightly combined, the glaze is pure, transparent and shiny. At this time, black glazed porcelain appeared, and a small amount of white porcelain was seen in some Eastern Han tombs. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the porcelain industry had developed greatly. During the Jin Dynasty, the Jinhua Luzhou kiln clearly applied cosmetic soil on the coarse porcelain. The make-up soil is processed by the above-mentioned porcelain clay and blended into a mud, applied to the surface of the porcelain carcass with rough texture or dark color, and its color is gray, light gray, white and the like. The application of the cosmetic soil can make the surface of the rough blank smooth and clean, the dark color of the green body can be covered, and the appearance of the glaze layer is beautiful and bright. In the southern porcelain industry, the earliest enamelling was produced. The enamel was placed in the porcelain when it was burned, and the blank was protected. Because of its good sealing property, the quality of the porcelain is improved; due to its strong bearing capacity, the output of the porcelain is improved, and the quality and quantity of the porcelain are greatly improved. During this period, celadon developed to a very high level, laying the foundation for the formation of the “Southern and North White†situation. During the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the history of Chinese porcelain was formed in the history of "Southern Qingbei". In the south, celadon is mainly produced, and in the north, white porcelain is mainly produced. Celadon is the most quality of Yueyao products, and the quality of Xingyao products is the highest. This period is an important period for the popularization and development of the kiln furniture. The making and modeling of porcelain have changed a lot. The sidewall is thick and thin, and the bottom foot is changed from flat bottom and pie-shaped foot to jade wall bottom and circle foot. The glazed surface is not contaminated by smoke from the kiln. Thus, the color is kept pure, and the shape of the object tends to be light and beautiful. At this time, there were also high-grade items such as enamel porcelain, flower glaze, and secret color porcelain. Changsha kiln generally used porcelain high-temperature glaze coloring and glaze coloring new technology. Some kiln in Henan Province burned into the earliest glazed blue and blue porcelain in the Tang Dynasty. The Song, Xia, Liao and Jin periods were the prosperous period of ancient Chinese porcelain. There are many varieties of porcelain, and the glaze is colorful. In addition to the official kiln (refers to the porcelain kiln operated by the government, and also specifies the porcelain produced in Jingdezhen for the official court in the Qing Dynasty, which can be called the "prey"), the folk kiln refers to the porcelain kiln that was run by the people in the past, after the Ming and Qing dynasties. The kiln outside the official kiln is called the "people kiln". Different kiln systems are formed according to the characteristics of the products in terms of craftsmanship, glaze color, shape and decoration. In addition to the well-known “King, Ge, Yi, Ding, 钧†and other famous kiln, the famous Yaozhou kiln, Cizhou kiln in the north, Jingdezhen kiln in the south, Longquan kiln, Jianyao, Guzhou kiln ,and many more. The pure porcelain beauty achieved by the "one-color glaze" porcelain in the Song Dynasty was an unprecedented technological achievement. The Yuan Dynasty was an important period for the development of ancient porcelain. It played an important role in inheriting the past and the future, and it originated from the famous kiln of the Song Dynasty and continued to develop. The Jingdezhen kiln was opened using the “binary matching method†of porcelain stone and kaolin. The firing temperature was accordingly increased, and a large-scale large-scale device was burned. In the Yuan Dynasty, the "white" glaze of the egg white was successfully fired. Blue and white porcelain in glaze and glaze are common, and the color porcelain process is rapidly pushed to the climax. The porcelain industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was centered on Jingdezhen, and the products of the Royal Kiln Factory (Official Kiln) were extremely poor. Blue and white porcelain is the mainstream of various products, with the highest level from Ming Yongle to Xuande. The color porcelain developed to an unprecedented prosperous period. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the level of copper red glaze was relatively high. During the Ming Dynasty, it was known as the fighting color. During the Hongzhi years, low-temperature yellow glaze appeared. During the Zhengde period, peacock green glaze appeared, and the Jiajing period appeared multicolored. The glaze color of the Qing Dynasty is more abundant, such as glaze blue color, ink color, underglaze multicolored, gold color, pastel, enamel and a variety of monochrome glaze. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, new techniques such as glaze, underglaze combination, semi-tire, and porcelain were also appeared. 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