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On January 6, Wang Quanqing, secretary-general of China Bearing Industry Association, said in an interview with this reporter that during the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the key words of the domestic bearing industry will focus on independent innovation and tackle key technologies to achieve industrial upgrading and replace imports. .
Two days ago, the Minister of Railways Liu Zhijun said at the National Railway Work Conference that this year the national railway construction capital investment of 700 billion yuan, 70 new construction projects, China's high-speed railway operation will exceed 13,000 kilometers, and confirmed Beijing The Shanghai High Speed ​​Rail will open for operation in mid-June.
The sustainability of high-speed rail investment is guaranteed, and the enthusiasm for each of the relevant industries continues to rise.
However, in the field of high-speed train bearings as high-speed rail basic components, international giants such as Sweden's SKF, Germany's FAG, and Japan's NTN are firmly occupying the Chinese market. Solving the problem of high-speed bearing development and application as soon as possible, and making this "small but important" short board, has become a major task for the Chinese bearing industry, whether for technical upgrades or to share high-speed rail cake.
[Railway industry: Flying trains lead the reorganization of high-speed rail economy in the era of central enterprises: the high-speed rail era North-South car merger restart]
Short board: high end shortage
Compared with China's own high-speed EMU technology with independent intellectual property rights, the localized application of supporting bearings is still blank, which is a short-term for the high-end equipment manufacturing industry.
On October 26, 2010, the Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway was successfully opened on the construction of China's high-speed railway. The CRH308A new high-speed train EMU with independent intellectual property rights has a top speed of 416.6 kilometers per hour, setting the highest speed for world-run railway operation test. .
However, the bearings used in this "land flight" cannot be produced in China. Wang Quanqing told reporters that the EMUs with a speed of more than 160 kilometers per hour are all equipped with imported bearings for high-speed railway bearings. It is bound to go through a long process to achieve domestic replacement.
Not only high-speed rail, wind power, machine tool spindle bearings and other high-end bearings have always been the weakness of China's bearing industry, but also mainly rely on imports.
In 2009, China's bearing industry output reached 10 billion sets, and the total output value has reached 90 billion yuan, ranking third in the world. There are 1,750 enterprises above designated size, of which 5 have annual sales of more than 3 billion yuan, but the import and export deficit exceeds 800 million US dollars.
Wang Quanqing told reporters that this situation improved in 2010. “In 2010, the sales of the whole industry increased by 30%, and the output increased by 13%, which has exceeded the pre-crisis level.†“The annual export increased by 50%, and the import deficit narrowed to between 500 million and 600 million US dollars, but imported bearings. The composition is still developing towards the high end."
"The core technologies in this field are all abroad. Our industry has joined hands in common technology research and key technology public relations, and has gone through two five-year plans." He said, "The 16 key technical equipment key areas proposed by the State Council, 15 All are related to bearings, this is the key point."
In the “Implementation Plan for the Revitalization of Mechanical Basic Components Industry†issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, bearings were also ranked first in the basic components, and the bearing products of the seven projects were included in the implementation plan for 2011-2013.
Feast: foreign capital world
In the total investment of high-speed railways, the capacity of high-speed rail supporting bearings is not too large, experts estimate that the market exceeds 2 billion yuan. However, the gap in China's domestic products is enough to provide a broad market space for foreign giants.
According to incomplete statistics, nearly 80% of the world's bearings are produced by eight multinational companies, distributed in the United States, Japan, Europe, and about 6,000 registered bearing companies in China. The top ten bearing companies account for only the total sales. Nearly 40% of the industry's share, industry concentration is low.
On February 6, 2009, NSK Corporation of Japan cooperated with China South Locomotive Co., Ltd. (8.18, -0.07, -0.85%) to successfully sign the order of 30 sets of axle box bearings for Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway.
In March 2010, Sweden's SKF announced that it would renew its contract with the Ministry of Railways for another four years based on the original four-year contract.
In October 2010, Japan's NTN's largest production base in China settled in Nanjing, and the first phase invested 100 million US dollars to build a production base for bearings used in high-speed railways, subways and wind power generation.
“Bearings only account for a small piece in the entire vehicle configuration, but the product projects such as high-speed rail can not be lost. The most important bearing is reliability, safety is the first.†January 6, SKF China Railway Business Department Deputy General Manager Huang Zhi told this reporter.
He also admitted that China's high-speed rail bearing market has left a lot of space for foreign-invested manufacturers due to insufficient state-owned products, "sufficient to continue until 2020."
According to the national medium- and long-term railway network plan (adjusted in 2008), by 2020, China's high-speed railway will reach 18,000 kilometers, which is the total number of high-speed railways in Germany, Japan and France (6000 km). Three times. By 2012, the total length of China's high-speed railway will reach 13,000 kilometers, and 800 sets of new demand will be formed for the EMU.
Chasing: Independent research
"From the perspective of the relevant state departments, the import idea of ​​high-speed rail bearings is still very strong. But for the domestic industry, always try to do everything possible to innovate independently." Wang Quanqing told reporters.
In the first three years of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, 488 kinds of supporting bearings for 90 major equipments in 13 key areas of the country's 16 key areas were developed. Among them, wind turbine yaw pitch bearings, deep well ultra deep well oil rig bearings, heavy-duty railway truck bearings, YRT series CNC machine tool spindle bearings have been localized.
It is understood that under the support of the Science and Technology Support Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Luoyang Axis Technology (25.38, 2.31, 10.01%) Co., Ltd. (Luoyang Bearing Research Institute restructuring company) led, combined with Luoyang LYC, Harbin, Chengdu Kehua Enterprises such as Henan University of Science and Technology, Chongqing University and other universities have carried out research and development of 350 km/h high-speed rail bearings, and have developed the first set of samples and conducted some performance tests.
According to Wang Lushun, chairman of the Wazhou Group, after the breakthrough in basic research, manufacturing process and testing technology, “through such design and manufacturing technology and product technology advancement, the import substitution will be realized within three yearsâ€.
In October last year, He Huawu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chief engineer of the Ministry of Railways, pointed out at a forum that after the 380-kilometer high-speed train was off the assembly line, China began to develop a high-speed train system with a speed of 500 kilometers per hour. This means that the research and development and industrialization of high-end bearings need to be further pursued during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period.
In response, on January 6, an insider of China South Locomotive Group told this reporter: "Under the global supply chain, it is normal for high-speed rail to conduct international procurement. However, in the future, we will be in the same conditions. Of course, I am also happy to work with domestic suppliers to purchase domestic products."
700 billion high-speed rail investment cake foreign monopoly bearing equipment
“The bearings used in EMUs with a speed of more than 160 km per hour are still 100% imported. However, according to our research and development speed, if all goes well, the Chinese domestic high-speed rail bearings can be truly matched in the next two or three years.â€