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How to maximize the service life of bearings in the pump (with photos)
Figure 1. Selecting the right bearing for a particular application is the first step in extending the life of your equipment. The theoretical life of a rolling bearing in a centrifugal pump is 20,000 to 80,000 hours, but the actual life depends on many factors - premature bearing failure can result in costly equipment downtime and sometimes even more serious consequences. NKE (Austria) bearing experts provide some simple but practical tips for optimizing bearing performance. Satisfactory bearing life begins with the right bearing choice. From the beginning, bearing designers have extended bearing service life and equipment performance by choosing the right bearings for different applications. This process takes into account many factors, such as load, hardness, bearing life prediction, operating environment and more. Famous manufacturers use state-of-the-art technology to produce bearings and follow strict quality assurance procedures. In any case, in order to ensure the best bearing life, the following aspects require special attention: Proper storage In principle, all bearings should be stored in their original packaging before installation. They need to be left in a clean, moisture-free, relatively constant-temperature environment. Rolling bearings should be kept away from dust, water and corrosive chemicals. Shaking and vibration may permanently damage the bearing's mechanical properties, so vibration must be avoided during handling and storage. Figure 2. Proper storage of bearings is important to ensure the longest bearing life. Basically, all bearings must be kept horizontally, as some heavier bearings may be deformed by their own weight when placed vertically for extended periods of time. Pre-greased (or hermetically sealed) bearings require special care because the density of grease changes over time. So when the bearings for the first time, there will be some degree of rotation noise. Therefore, the bearing of the shelving time should be based on the principle of first in, first out to control. Cleaning and cleaning of rolling bearings is very important. The surface roughness of the bearing ring turning surfaces and rolling elements is typically 1/10 μm, so a smooth surface is very sensitive to damage caused by contaminants. Lubricating layers between rotating surfaces are typically 0.2 to 1 μm. Particulate contaminants larger than the particle size of the lubricant are subject to over-rolling by rolling elements to create localized pressure in the bearing steel, eventually resulting in permanent material fatigue. In addition to this, dust particles in the external environment can reach up to 10 μm in size, which can also damage the bearings. Therefore, a clean and dust-free environment is crucial for the storage and installation of the bearings. Complete preparation for reinstallation of bearings should be carefully installed and disassembled using suitable tools. Industry experts estimate that 16% of premature bearing failures are due to incorrect installation. For large installations (eg in production plants), the installation is usually strictly controlled and suitable bearings can be used to install the equipment. However, the environment is varied in the maintenance or replacement work. Therefore, in order to ensure the longest bearing life, comprehensive preparation for bearing installation is necessary. First of all, the relevant documents, such as drawings, maintenance manuals, product specifications, etc. need careful study. Next, all bearing components such as shafts, spacer rings, caps, washers, etc. must be absolutely clean and free from contamination. The status of the adjacent components should also be carefully examined. Figure 3. Contaminants may stick to the lubricated layer between the rolling elements and the bearing rings, damaging the bearings. Careful installation and disassembly Depending on the application and the size and type of bearing, choose the correct mounting method (mechanical or hydraulic) and tools. Here are some basic principles of bearing installation: 1. Do not exert mounting force on the rolling elements, which can easily lead to rolling elements and raceway contact surface of the local overload, resulting in premature bearing failure. 2. Do not use any hard tools (such as hammers, screwdrivers, etc.) directly on the bearing surface, which will lead to the bearing ring fracture or fragmentation. 3. Comply with the guidance of highly recommended installation equipment suppliers. About 90% of rolling bearings have never been removed from the equipment they are in, and usually only larger bearings will be removed for scheduled preventive maintenance procedures. As with installing a bearing, the bearing should also be carefully prepared for disassembly, ensuring that adjacent components such as the shaft and