Talking about the Development of CNC System in Machine Tool Industry

Since 1952, the world's first CNC system equipped with electronic tubes equipped with 3-axis continuous control milling machine (developed by Parsons and MIT in the United States), microelectronics technology, automatic control technology, computer technology and precision machinery technology. Both have made breakthroughs, and the development of these integrated CNC machine tools is changing with each passing day. A CNC machine is a machine tool with a program control system. It is also a typical mechatronic product.

With the advancement of modern manufacturing technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the market needs more and more personalized products, so the production of medium and small batch parts is more and more, and the precision of parts is required to be higher, and the shape is becoming more and more complicated. . In this way, as the most important processing equipment for achieving flexibility and automation, the rapid development of CNC machine tools and the popularization and application have become a reality.

Flexible Manufacturing Unit (FMC), Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) and Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS) are all based on CNC machine tools. For this reason, modern CNC machine tools are required to develop in the following ten aspects.

1. High speed

The modern CNC system has been transitioned from a 16-bit CPU to a 32-bit CPU. Some new foreign CNC systems have selected 64-bit CPUs, and the RISC with reduced instruction set operation is used as the main CPU to improve the operation speed. The setting unit and rapid feed rate of modern CNC machine tools have reached 0.01μm and 10~24m/rain, respectively, and even higher.

2. High precision

The role of the servo system is to accurately track and locate the given motion speed and motion trajectory with commands. The quality of the servo system is directly related to the machining accuracy of the CNC machine. Modern CNC machine tools use an AC digital servo system and implement a high-speed response servo system using a new control theory. Some new CNC systems have sensors and software for thermal compensation and spatial error compensation (such as compensation for gap errors in lead screws, gears, etc.). This can satisfactorily solve the contradiction between high speed and high precision.

3. High automation

CNC machine tools are in the process of machining parts. It can be automatically carried out in accordance with the program of the reservation, for the feed of the tool and the detection of the workpiece. The operator does not need to intervene, and people only need to send a mountain start command. And you can monitor it. Modern CNC machine tools are equipped with advanced monitoring and detection devices. Once the diagnosis finds that the workpiece is out of tolerance, the tool wears and other faults, it can alarm in time, and compensate or exchange the tool, which greatly improves the automation degree of the CNC machine tool, realizes continuous long-term automatic processing, and ensures the product quality.

4. High efficiency

Modern CNC machine tools generally use automatic tool change, automatic workpiece replacement and other devices to achieve a multi-functional machine. The principle of process concentration is adopted to reduce the number of clamping times, reduce the turnaround time, reduce the number of fixtures, reduce the number of operators, and reduce the number of operators. Ground area, thus shortening the auxiliary time. On the same CNC machine tool, both roughing and finishing can be performed, which improves the utilization of CNC machine tools. Modern CNC machine tools also use high-power motors, and new tools are equipped to improve cutting efficiency, shorten processing time, and achieve significant economic benefits.

5. High flexibility

An important part of achieving CNC machining is the programming of parts for CNC machine tools. Modern CNC machine tools use CNC's high storage and computing capabilities, using automated programming techniques. The part programming work can be performed online on the CNC system. It has the function of man-machine dialogue, realizes the input, editing, modification and deletion of the program, and has the functions of foreground operation and background editing, as well as the design function of the macro program. In the new control system equipped with a small processing database, according to the processing requirements, the optimal tool and cutting amount are automatically selected, with adaptive control capability, and even displayed in three-dimensional color dynamic graphics. This greatly shortens the product development cycle and provides a shortcut for the development of new products, product improvement and retrofit.

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