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Xi'an Decoration Classroom Decoration Construction Process
91.â— Decoration construction process:
1, approach, demolition of walls, walls.
2, toilets, kitchen grounds to do 24-hour closed water test (requires the developer to complete this task).
3, chiseled slot, hydropower reform and acceptance.
4. Sealed trough hidden hydropower renovation project, closed water test without leakage began to do waterproofing project.
5, bathroom, kitchen wall magnetic plate.
6, woodworking approach, hanging ceilings, plaster angle line.
7, package door, window cover. Make wooden cabinet frame.
8, synchronous production of a variety of wooden doors, molded doors and flat pressure.
9, wooden panel brush dust paint (clean oil).
10, windowsill marble countertops laying leveling.
11, wood veneer paste, line production and fine installation.
12, the wall base treatment, grinding, leveling.
13, even home, the door seam joint adhesive (protection edge).
14, wall oil ICI at least three times.
15, furniture paint into the field, make nails, paint.
16, handle corners, laying floor tiles, solid wood or composite wood floors, waterproof marble strips, baseboards.
17, lamps, sanitary ware, handles, door lock installation and commissioning.
18, clean up hygiene, make up the floor tiles, remove the field.
19. The preliminary inspection and acceptance of the decoration company.
20. The three party appointments are formally accepted and delivered to the owner.
The first is to apply for admission: Generally speaking, the formalities and photocopy of the identity card of the person in charge of the decoration team, the original and copy of the owner’s identity card, the copy of the decoration company’s business license, and the copy of the decoration company’s building construction permit are required for the entry procedure. There is also a decoration deposit. Of course, you need to ask about your management office. The next step is to knock the wall: After knocking on the wall, the garbage is cleared and the plasterer should enter. The calculation of the knocking area can be based on the floor plan of the house, which has all the detailed data about your house. Remember that the area of ​​the wall that will be knocked before the wall is good, to know that knocking the wall is based on area. Puddlers are mainly responsible for masonry wall, batch ash, sporadic patching, tiling, waterproofing, ground leveling, and floor draining. Wall mortar and batch ash should be used to cement mortar, the difference is only in different proportions. Walls and batches of ash are the preparatory work of the slusher. After these two items are completed, the slushing trade unions first measure the actual area of ​​the wall and the batch of ash. Then he and the owner will replenish these dimensions. In addition, it is best to paste a tile by one person. If it is done by two people, the effect may differ depending on the style. Tile joints are best filled with joint fillers, and some of my home white cement parts are already yellow. The puddle part should pay attention to: decoration application sand.
Before the ash was added after the masonry wall was built, the plumbers entered the site for hydropower reform. The main tasks of hydropower reform are hydropower positioning, slotting, buried pipe and threading. Although the groove is not important, it can indirectly affect the quality of the buried pipe and threading. The first step of the hydropower reform is the positioning of hydropower, which is to determine the location of the switch sockets and the position of the waterway interface according to your needs. The plumber should draw the direction of the water pipes and wires on the wall according to the position of the switch socket water header. Line is the layout of the line, remember to show your decoration team to the water and electricity map, so that the plumber to follow the map to tell you clearly, do not be afraid of trouble, plumbers will meet your requirements, after the completion of hydropower reform if you do not Signed, plumbers don't want to get money from the captain.
After hydropower positioning, the next step is to slot. The slots played by a good slotter are basically a straight line, and there are basically no hairs in the slot. Before making a groove, be sure to have a plumber mark all the water and electricity on the wall. Remember to compare the hydropower diagrams and see if they are consistent. With respect to hydropower reform, there are several points that need attention: 1. It is best to specify in the contract the brand of the electric wire used in the circuit reconstruction. 2. The switch of the whole house should be basically in the same horizontal position. 3. The outlets of the whole house should be in the same horizontal position as far as possible.
Special sockets such as air conditioners, refrigerators and exceptions with special requirements. 4. The color of the phase line and neutral line in the circuit reconstruction should be the same for each house. If possible, it is better to specify the color of the fire line, neutral line, and control line in the contract. The protection line is a yellow-green color according to the national regulations. 5, outlet line (including air-conditioned refrigerator) is best to use three lines more than 4.0 shares, lighting line with two lines more than 2.5 shares on it. 6, the bottom box is buried, if you can, it is best to buy their own bottom box, please decorate the team to report the installation fee. 7, on the audio line, if you are not a professional enthusiast, it is best not to install audio cable: Shenzhen's housing area is basically about 100 square majority, the living room area is generally not great, in such an area installed audio The effect is not really necessary for the average person. Empty tubes also count as silver.
One thing I think about the reformation of the waterway is that it is necessary to say something about it: Regarding the issue of hot water, the weather in Shenzhen needs to use even the hot water in the wash basin and kitchen sink. If you need hot water, turn on the water heater and pick it up. Just like many mobile phones now have Internet access, but how many of us use mobile phones to access the Internet? But we really need to spend a lot of money on mobile phones that can access the Internet. When we get a statement of settlement, I only lament that making money is not easy to spend money but it is so easy! Finally, it should be noted that it is best to specify in the contract that you must wait for the completion of the hydropower reform. Woodworking approach, the benefits of doing so: You do not have to pay attention to two things at the same time, hydropower renovation is a very important expense in the decoration, but also the bulk of the decoration company's profits, and the hidden nature of hydropower reform is very large, if the woodwork into the construction site, Distract your attention instead of focusing on hydropower reform. When the waterway is reformed, be careful to keep it clean. When waterway reconstruction is contracted, it is better to indicate the materials used for waterway reconstruction. In addition, the size of the water pipe in the original room should be taken into account in the waterway reconstruction. The pipe connecting the original water pipe in the house should be matched with the original water pipe.
In the circuit reconstruction, it should be noted that in advance the lighting of the whole house should be installed in order to determine the position of the switch socket, and at the same time, the price of the new embedding line and the change line should be different. When buying a bell, it is best to buy a wireless doorbell. The main tasks of hydropower reform are slotting, burying pipes and threading. Although the groove is not important, it can indirectly affect the quality of the buried pipe and threading. After the completion of the hydropower renovation, the woodworking enters the field, and woodworkers should pay attention to: 1. When getting the designer's drawings, it is advisable to review the dimensions carefully before signing. 2. The ownership of tools such as carpentry toolboxes, workbenches, and air compressors is the decoration of the captain or decoration company. 3. Before the woodwork enters the arena, the board advanced field and carefully check whether the board entering the field matches the contract and whether it is genuine. Remember to let the termite company prevent termites.
Like plumbers, carpenters are also the source of profits for the decoration team. The source of formaldehyde in the decoration is big. To control this, in addition to the board is to comply with national environmental regulations, the use of wood varnish should also be selected. This point I will mention later. The painter shall enter the site after the plasterer finishes the drying of the gray wall. The paint shall be put in the first stage of the paint, and if there is a plaster line, it shall be loaded at this time. The line is a painter's job. Remember that putty must not be used. 107. According to my upstairs neighbours, 107 will slowly release what is harmful to the human body. So now it has been replaced by 108.
If the interior decoration is painted on both sides, sandpaper must be used to polish it three times. The first time the sanding is done, it must be done with sandpaper before the batch of putty starts to brush the primer for the first time. The first time the wall surface can be sanded with a lower grade of sandpaper, such as 360#; the second time the sanding is done before brushing the primer and dry the brush the first time before the topcoat, then the sandpaper used is better than the first The sandpaper that is polished again is higher, such as sandpaper above 400#. The third time is before brushing the paint on the first pass and drying the paint on the second pass, it is necessary to polish the wall with high-grade sandpaper. It is best to use a sandpaper of 600# or more to sand the wall. Only in this way can the effect of wall painting be guaranteed. Otherwise, after your wall is brushed, ten *** will appear to feel like a flour. Another problem to be mentioned is the problem of paint and water. Each type of paint has a certain limit on the proportion of water added. Care should be taken to strictly follow the construction instructions.
92. Before the flue valve is installed, it must be wiped clean to ensure that the valve can be switched freely and can be opened to the maximum, otherwise it will affect the smoke exhaust effect. Can be installed in the ceiling when the two do not install, such as the hood installed and tested correctly after the ceiling installed.
93. In such a large space as the living room and dining room, ceilings can't be done without doing.
94. When you want to have a good air-conditioning position when you are on the line, move the power supply as close to the air-conditioning as possible, so as not to see a power line when installing the air-conditioner, leaving a pity.
95. Measure and record the various dimensions available in the house in person. You can cover the dimensions of the floor plan and re-lead them. The final size will directly affect the decoration design and furniture purchase.
96. It is always not enough atmosphere to choose black walnuts if the line is not good. If you choose black walnuts, then you need to choose between them, or move on to the actual situation or persist in your own ideas.
97. Start looking for fitters. As far as personal experience is concerned, if it is not particularly large and it is intended to be simply renovated, it seems that it is more cost-effective to find guerrillas. It is best to introduce after someone else has installed it. You yourself have also seen it and recognized it. It is particularly important for the person in charge of the decoration. The sense of responsibility and appreciation is more important. The former is more crucial because if it is only a paperback, it is actually alive. Almost all the outside will be mixed, but the quality is good or bad depending on the sense of responsibility.
98. The main furniture such as sofas, wardrobes, dinettes, cupboards, etc. is best to see more in advance. If you run around and you are too tired, you can find several large shopping malls with good shopping environment. The basic trend is to see It's coming out, so the next thing you have to do is to slowly filter out the right things based on your desired style. Some people have a better grasp of styles, and some people have a good grasp of color. It does not matter. There are still time to consider. If you wait until the decoration clearance site, the virtual steps to see the furniture will inevitably be reluctant to accept the final will not be very like.
99. It is best to write down the size of the furniture that has been watched, and then go to the virtual future of the room.
100. The necessary documents for the purchase of things must be kept well. This is absolutely beneficial to the situation of refunds and exchanges that may exist in the later period. In particular, some important items such as shopping tickets and manuals, etc., because many things have a warranty period, the loss of certificates would be more troublesome.
101. The increase or decrease in the construction process must always ask the price and write it in black and white.
102. Check whether there are necessary construction protection measures. For example, the entrance door should be wrapped in Zhenzhumian, and the paved windowsill and the ground should be appropriately protected.
103. Communicate with the construction staff as much as possible to determine if he understands your intentions. Respect and respect each and every master's work, respect him, and make people feel their own importance. Is it more responsible for doing something? Is there an old saying that is not called "undoubtedly?" (But if you are dealing with treacherous, bullying, hard-nosed people, then you have to fight for one's teeth and argue with reason.) Especially in the case of marginal projects, which require several types of jobs, the responsible workers will coordinate with each other to perform their duties. Otherwise, everyone kicks the ball back and forth and shirks responsibility. Like my Mason, I helped solve some of the carpentry things, and the electrician solved some of the problems of the mason. Because each master's experience is different, as long as he is willing to help you find a solution.
104. It is best not to do fixed furniture, because there may be some changes in the layout. If you must do it, you must grasp the quality, or you will have endless trouble.
105. Change the water pipe to be careful, one is costly; secondly, if you do not ceiling, you have to walk down the floor from the water pipe. In case of problems with the water pipe, you will be in big trouble.
106. Reasonably arrange the wiring according to their actual needs, so as not to waste (especially if there are a lot of light strips and spotlights, it seems to be not very practical, and we must also try to avoid series connection and waste electricity), but some places cannot be saved. Next to the bathroom mirror, always use a hairdryer and a razor. If there is a socket inside or under the shoe, it's not bad. You can use a tumbler. I don't regret it now.
107. The bathroom should be as wet and dry as possible. If the area is small, use a pedestal (glass basin is particularly dirty, lazy people use it with caution); conditionally set up a waterproof cabinet to store debris, what is best placed outside It does not look good.
108. The wood is brighter than the nitro when brushing glossy white paint (this is what experienced painters say).
109. Cabinets must be carefully selected. We must compare the quality of several companies. We must do solid and strong food. This is because we have thousands of oceans now and we have kitchen sinks and so on. . However, it is best not to make garbage cans on the countertops or in the inside. There is also the question of whether baskets, seasoning baskets, or rice barrels can be used if funds are limited. These accessories are generally sold at cabinet companies.
110. The wardrobe is rather small, rather big, not small, women remember! Hanging space should be able to put down the longest dress.
111. It is best to buy things that are not easy to transport, such as glass or mirrors, or to think about transportation methods.
112. It is best to order the curtains after the furniture home appliances are all in order to match the overall style tone. But before the cleaning, you can install the rails.
113. Gas reforms are best done before tiling, otherwise they may damage the walls. It is best to let the gas company draw a picture or mark it on the wall because the cabinet company needs to open the hole in the cabinet according to the requirements.
114. Cabinet installation time is longer, ranging from 4 to 5 hours, and as many as 2 days. Be mentally prepared. It can be checked at the time of installation whether the material used is the one you ordered (the cabinet material can be seen through the hinge hole). Clean the kitchen first before installing the cabinets. Once the cabinets are installed, those dead corners can't be cleaned.
115. It is best to look around during the furniture installation, especially if there are several hole positions for the laminates of the closet. I did not look at it at that time. As a result, the distance between the plates was too small and the clothes were stretched. Not open, but also adjust later.
116. Taking into account the environmental pollution of formaldehyde, green plants such as spider plants can be placed in the room. The furniture doors open to emit odors, and special odor-eliminating items can also be sprayed.
117. Install a gas alarm and reserve a gas ignition.
118. Brush wood paint time: It is best to wait for the room to finish brushing the floor tile or wood floor. If you must brush, it is best to clean the room. In a room with no paving slabs or wooden floors, the dust in the room is very large. At this time, when the wood lacquer is applied, the dust easily adheres to the surface of the wooden products that have been brushed through the wood lacquer. The graded sandpaper is polished and then brushed again to solve the problem, but the brush's feel and the overall effect of brushing it out will be used to make a deduction. After the floor tiles are finished, the dust content in the air is much less than before the shop. Basically, the dust will not adhere to the surface of the wooden products after the wood paint is applied again. The reason why this is said is because Xiao Wu’s home improvement was met with such a situation. Originally, I saw the effect of brushing it before deciding to buy the Xijia Wood Coating. The feel is very smooth and it feels like my home improvement. Like a wooden door. Just because of the above situation, the result has been discounted a lot. This has always been a matter of regret for Xiao Wu. Moreover, in the process of organizing hi-lacquer group purchases, some of the same scholars appeared in this situation. So here to remind the students to pay attention. I do not know if other wood lacquer has such a situation, but according to the same principle that can be proved, so remind the students to pay attention here.
119. About replenishing paint: The painter pays to wait for the wall dry and approves the putty afterwards, the putty layer dries and then paints. If there is no reason after brushing the paint, install the lamps and various electrical switches. Ask the students to remind the teacher who installed the lamps and electrical switches to take care to clean them up before loading. It also saved a touch up process. Of course, to defile the wall, the decoration team must have asked the painter to make up for the paint again, that is, to clean the dirty wall (if it was a paint company, they would also let the teacher pay for the paint, If you pay attention to how many painters pay for a part of paint after brushing the wall, the remaining part of the paint is used to make up the paint.) Just pay attention. Don't let the teacher who has installed the lamp fix the wall, you can let the painter pay less for a ride (at least half a day). We have a lot of convenience, and why not? Sometimes it is convenient and convenient for people. Generally speaking, the wood paint is brushed before the wall paint is applied. This is to prevent the wood paint from affecting the wall surface of the wall paint during the dry process. Of course, in the actual operation process, you can also paint the wood lacquer after laying the floor tiles (the floor trowel has been approved before paving the floor tiles), and then paint the wood lacquer after the wood lacquer dries out. Just do so, of course. Will affect the schedule. If you are afraid of affecting the duration of the project, you must minimize the impact of dust in the air, and you should diligently clean up the sanitation of the room.
120. Selection of decoration team:
As for whether to select a guerrilla or a regular company, I don't think it is important. The key is to give your construction team a serious and responsible head, the technology of the renovated workers, and of course the quality and price of the decoration. First of all, do not look for more than four decoration companies. This is true for most of them. If your time is very rich, it will be something else.
Before speaking with the decoration company, it must be clear that you have to do those renovation projects, you can first ask the decoration company to report all the items, compare the price and comprehensive consideration of various factors and then you decide which items to outsource Which items to decorate the company to do.
For those who decorate, the lower the better the decoration offer, of course, the decoration company's opinion is the opposite. Sometimes, in order to pull a business, a decoration company will press some of its offers at a lower price. This will make it harder to guarantee the quality of the project and the quality of the materials used. There are a lot of renovations. You want items to be the lowest prices. That's unrealistic. In addition, the quotation in the decoration can not only look at the figures, but also the contents inside, the materials used in this project, specifications, and brands. You know, every offer in the decoration is actually very elegant.
121. Construction? Since I am not in a hurry to check in, I plan to look for casual workers: The good craftsmen invited from my neighbors' homes may be the object of my selection: a mason, a carpenter, a plumber, and a painter. Step by step design step by step, I believe that slow work out fine.
122. Every penny is spent on the edge: When looking at the decoration materials, it will certainly take a good look. There are too many good things, and it seems that every single one looks economically acceptable. In the short term, these things can be purchased in one place and the economic pressure is great. Often, most people become disarrayed at this time. One result is that the last budget is overspending too much, and the second is that the first thing to buy is high quality and the latter is mixed.
My opinion is:
First, determine the price, after the election materials.
Do not waste time on material items that exceed 10% of the predetermined price. Businesses are always fine buyers. I am making a detailed schedule of required materials and will post it for future reference.
Second, can save the province, the flower to spend.
The most expensive place is carpentry, kitchen cabinets.
The places where quality issues are most likely to occur are hydropower and kitchen and toilet water.
123. The cost of furniture must be higher than buying furniture. General furniture 500-700 yuan per square meter.
124. The concealment project is the most important place where you cannot save money: if the water circuit is reformed or waterproofed.
The method is to ask B&Q to do it. B&Q now has a single decoration service: such as hydropower reform, material purchase, waterway 40 yuan per meter, circuit 20 yuan per meter, there are six months warranty. There are detailed individual service items and quotation announcements on the east side of B&Q's first floor. Everyone can refer to them.
125. The most worry-free way is to use online resources to collect, store, organize, and integrate. In the future, it will surely send a big use.
content include:
1, decoration --- reference picture gallery
2, decoration --- main material library
3, decoration --- furniture library
4, decoration --- floor library
5, decoration --- tile library
6, decoration --- ware library
7, decoration - cabinet library
8, decoration --- small parts library
9, decoration --- lighting library
10, decoration --- fabric library
11. Decoration --- The most worry-free way of using the experience database is to use online resources to collect, retain, organize, and integrate. In the future, it will surely send a big use.
126. In order to save time and improve efficiency, every time the decoration materials market is harvested, a detailed and practical procurement and budget plan is very important.
The plan list is easier to implement when sorted by room type: Each time you go to the street to see things in the same room, it is easy to compare and integrate, and it is easy to be effective.
First, the hall project two, the living room project three, the restaurant project four, the master bedroom project five, the children's room project six, the study project seven, the main health project eight, the nine passenger and car project, the kitchen project ten, the balcony project eleven, Yintai project I will now post my own sample plan for your reference. The data in the table is an example.
This list is more convenient for use as a procurement plan. Before the construction, the corresponding items can be reclassified and consolidated according to type of work, and divided into mason, woodworking, hydropower, and paint, etc., to be re-tabulated. You can also add the "Construction Requirements" column to the right of the table. Such as (wall latex paint three batches of three brushes; shoe cabinet Waiye board, brush polyurethane varnish) and so on.
127. The rear speakers of the home theater, sound wires should be buried under the living room, this is very important!
128. Add a washbasin to the balcony. Balcony sink is very important, watering, washing hands and so on.
129. For toilets and kitchens that require background music, pre-embedded audio and audio cables.
130. There must be sockets on both sides of the balcony. When the New Year is over, lanterns should be hung.
131. The light switch at the entrance is recommended to use induction type. Go home in dark days and save it dark.
132. Basic Construction Instructions 1. Water and Electricity Transformation
a. Before the construction team enters the construction site, the water pipe must be “pressed†for testing (a “15-kilogram water pressure test for 15 minutesâ€). If there is no change in the “pressure gauge pointerâ€, you can rest assured to change the water pipe. Otherwise, do not use the pipe change. , must first notify the "management office", so that the "management office" to carry out maintenance and treatment, until the "press" normal, before they can change the tube.) And "circuit" test (with a "light bulb socket" for testing, " "Light bulb" can be bright) b. Groove can not damage the load-bearing wall and the cast-in-place part of the floor, you can destroy the layer of levitation, if you need to install "line box" on the load-bearing wall, you can not destroy the inner surface of the steel structure. c. Before the “line pipe†is buried, the “slots†shall be treated “anti-termiteâ€, and the “line pipe†and the “line pipe†connections shall be connected with “direct†or “elbowâ€. "Cup and comb" shall be installed at the junction of the "bottom box" and all wall and floor circuits must be at an angle of 90 degrees. If the original line needs to be changed and it is not possible to use the "direct" or "elbow" connection, it must be connected with the "Huang Laguan" and the "Huang Laguan" should not be less than 10 cm into the line pipe at both ends.
d. It is best to use “3-point line pipe†for the circuit to be buried in the wall, and “4-point line pipe†for the ceiling line. The "wires" in the "wire line" must not have "connectors", and the "connectors" should be found in another "line box", and the "inside-pipe wires" must not exceed 60% of the "pipe diameter."
e. Strong "Firewire" requires "red", "neutral" requires "black", "ground" uses "yellow" or "blue-yellow separation line"; "telephone line" requires "four-wire telephone "Line"; "network cable", "audio cable" and "TV line" need to be selected according to the actual situation.
f. After the “water and circuit†transformation is completed, the waterway shall be pressure tested again. After the pressure is normal, cement mortar shall be used to seal the tank.
133. Waterproof a, kitchen, health "water, electricity transformation" after the completion of the sealing slot, you can proceed to the next step "waterproof." b. “Waterproof†has different construction methods according to different materials. Now “Shanghai Huili 911†is taken as an example: Bathroom waterproof is the best, kitchen waterproof is generally 1 meter high, and the floor is waterproof and away from the wall. Do it twice in centimeters, and do it over 30 centimeters. Waterproofing the door covers is required to cover the door. c. After waterproofing is done, perform a “water test†test for 48 hours. After 48 hours, go to the next floor to see. If there is no wet mark on the ceiling, you can pass it. Otherwise, you need to redo the waterproof layer. . The most likely leak is the “floor drainâ€.
134. Tile a, the owner in the selection of tiles need to determine the quality of the tile, its method: First, to see if its color is uniform, no variegated and black holes are OK; secondly depends on the size of the standard, with The tape measures the length and width of the tile. The measured size must be the same as the factory size of the trademark, and the diagonal of the tile. If the diagonal dimensions are the same, the tile is positive; then the flatness of the tile is the easiest. The effective method is to overlap the two tiles of the same brand positively and negatively. If there are obvious gaps between the two tiles after overlapping, or if they can rotate, the tiles are not flat; finally, there is no color difference between the tiles. The method is to take out several pieces of the same type. Samples of tiles are compared at bright places. If no difference in colors can be seen, they can be ordered. b. After the plaster is tiled, there must be no emptying of the whole tile (local emptying can not exceed 20% of the whole tile). If there is an empty tile to be reworked, under normal circumstances, each tile is 100 tiles. Wall tiles allow 1 tile to be empty. Floor tiles allow 2 tiles to be empty, but must be reworked. Rework of the main material (which is already included in the loss) is the responsibility of the owner. If it exceeds this range, the owner Material is the responsibility of the construction party. c. Normally, the levelness of the floor tiles is allowed to have an error of 2mm, the gaps of the floor tiles must be the same, the corners of the bricks and bricks should be flat (0.5mm error is allowed), and the bricks and bricks of the kitchen and bathroom wall tiles are The corners should be flat, but also need to be level (allowing 1mm error) and verticality (allowing 2mm error) to be achieved. For toilets and balconies, the floor tiles need to consider the floor drain, then the slope should be put first. If there is no special reason, there must be no Water. d. After the wall tiles and floor tiles are finished, the “seam sealant†or “white cement†shall be used to perform the wet pulp caulking.
135. Termite prevention term a: After the wall and trunk wastes have been cleaned up, perform a comprehensive termite prevention (ie termite spraying throughout the house) b. All the plates need to be treated with termite resistance after entering the site Termite-proof) c. Before the wood flooring is laid, it is necessary to do a termite-proof treatment on the floor where the wood floors are to be covered. d. It is better to spray the termite sprays (it can clearly see the wetness)
136. The calculator is also researchable. Now that the calculator has the function of setting a multiple of decimal point, there will be different standards in the calculation, so we need to bring a calculator, and now there are calculations on the phone. Function, but the function is not necessarily good.
137. Prepare two good neutral glass adhesives (1 transparent, 1 white), recommended by GM, B&Q, 49. It is used when installing bath rooms, washbasins, cabinets, and security doors. Although the general manufacturers package will come with glass glue, but most of the glass glue they provide is of poor quality and will be susceptible to discoloration or mildew in the future.
138. If it is not a last resort, do not use a shifter. This stuff is very likely to cause plugging of toilet seats.
139. The aluminum gusset plate of the kitchen, two pieces above the hood, must be installed after the hood has been fully installed. My family settled in early, and later when the hood was removed and dismantled, the workers were transformed and the seamless ceiling became a seamed ceiling.
140. If the kitchen and bathroom are also equipped with wooden doors for the sake of uniform appearance, immediately after the installation, the glass door should be marked with glass glue on the joints between the door frame and the ground. My family did not handle it in a timely manner. Workers were careful not to use water. A lot of water splashed on the floor and leaked into the door frame. The following section was a bit dark (mildew).
141. The balcony must be tiled! The corner of the balcony will be paved in a circle, and the living balcony will be paved to the same height as the railing. There is no paving in the balcony corner and living balcony wall of my family view, so I had to prepare a bucket of exterior paint to refresh myself periodically...
142. It is imperative that the master of renovations provide a detailed hydropower diagram before the hydropower reconstruction of the wall.
143. If you are ready to paint the walls in color, you must consider the problem of changing lines when remodeling electricity. My home has changed a lot of lines and the air-conditioning socket has been completely changed. However, in order to save money, there is no change in the entire line but wiring. Wherever wiring is required, the white board must be installed for future inspection. So after the color wall paint was finished, I discovered how dazzling these whiteboards were, and regretted that ~~~~~
144. This is the lowest mistake I made. I take it for granted that the bed width of 1.5 meters is 1.5 meters. I forgot the thickness of the bed. The lamp socket was also accurately placed on the wall behind the nightstand. As a result, the socket is blocked and there is no way to use it.
145. Before the start of construction, let the decoration captain analyze how the wall surface is treated and whether it is necessary to scrape the original powder. In particular, students who are outsourcing wall projects to paint companies are prepared. My home is for the paint company. After the carpenters finish the paintwork, they only know that the original wall is really poor. It is best to remove the ash. However, because the carpenters have already done it, it is not easy to get rid of the original ash. Finally, I had to brush a layer of 108 glue on the surface for batch ash.
146. Adding lines must be rewired. However, you can wire from the nearest terminal branch. It is not allowed to add connector wire to the original wire.
147. The air-conditioning control switch can only be on the power supply side. It is not allowed on the line.
148. When changing the location of the telephone and network cable, you can use the original cloth line and continue to use it. However, there are many hidden dangers if construction is improper. So it is best to change the line from the weak box in the room.
149. The amount of work required to measure circuit modifications is generally measured separately according to three different wiring methods.
1, playing slot buried pipe (measured by the length of the slot, if there is more than one pipe in the tank, then calculated by half the number of tubes. The other half into the overhead line).
2, overhead line (only pipe does not play slot), according to the length of the pipe.
3, change the line, according to how much the replacement is even more (replace the line told the construction team to throw).
4, weak transformation, calculated according to the first method. The difference is to pay attention to who bought the weak wires. Owners will deduct the price of the wire when they buy it.
150. How to fix the toilet on the ground, use screws? There is also a connection between the base and the pipe. It is better to use a seal between the inside and the outside. The toilet is fixed with expansion screws. The joint between the base and the pipe is filled with a toilet sealant. Outside with white cement + white glue deployment of cement paste. When buying a toilet, it is generally equipped with a special sealant.
151. To buy materials, you must first calculate the approximate amount. When thinking about buying waterway materials, I thought that after finishing the painting process, the materials used in the latter painting would come out. Then I trusted the foreman for a moment. As a result, I discovered that the pipes were bought for 5 meters, and the copper head actually used 27 pieces. , actually bought 40, there should be 13 remaining, the actual remaining 7 shorts 6. After repeated enquiries, the foreman has recovered six copper heads from other construction sites that he had accidentally mixed. The circuit itself calculated the material in advance, and the calculated results were compared with those of the foreman: the wire was changed from 30 meters to 12 meters, the cable was changed from 20 meters to 13 meters, and others such as insulating tapes and plugs were greatly affected. Be corrected...
152. If there are old sewage pipes on the ground, they will often be damaged when the ground is removed. Do not hesitate to lay new ones. Do not save them for safety reasons.
153. The invagination space on the bathroom wall should not be discarded. It is very nice to use ceramic tiles. Of course, the watts union felt that it was time to say "ugly" and "not popular now". Oh, don't be fooled. He wants to be lazy.
154. Do not use the edge of the tile to get the edge line. It will be nice to tile it with a 45-degree angle. You do not mention that the tiler will choose to be lazy.
155. During the installation of aluminum-plastic tubes for cement sealing, they must be supervised by workers to reserve expansion space for the hot water pipes in accordance with the construction standards. In short, the aluminum-plastic pipes should not be firmly sealed, but some loose.
156. If the floor of the bathroom is higher than the hall, it can be solved by the transition of the door stone.
157. If pipes are used to move the sewers, check whether the old sewers are open before docking with the new pipelines and the old sewers. At this time, it is time to spend money to avoid a lot of trouble in the future.
158. The aluminum buckle plate does not have to buy high prices at all, and the very cheap aluminum buckle plate has far outperformed the effect of PVC. There is no noticeable difference in the effect of spending more money.
159. Buying aluminum buckle plate should pay particular attention to the keel instead of the aluminum buckle plate itself (the target of the aluminum buckle plate is not easy to make hands and feet).
160. The color of the floor tiles is difficult to find satisfactory. I did not find it. However, the two unsatisfactory colors interleaved and then turned to a 45-degree angle can achieve satisfactory results. This good idea was actually suggested by the bricklayer.
161. If the floor waterproofing agent is to be used under supervision, my bricklayers are not splashed directly on the ground as required, but can they be uniform! It is not the best way to do it yourself.
162. The slope of the bathroom floor should be considered well before paving, and the slope according to the national standard cannot achieve the effect of rapid drainage, and if you use a deodorant drain or an ultra-thin floor drain will greatly exacerbate drainage difficulties. Some people say that the slope is not beautiful, I think it is nonsense. On the contrary, the fact that large slope water can be quickly cleaned is a very pleasant thing.
163. The LG Platinum Fireproof Panel used in the cabinet door works well, but if it is re-decorated, it may consider customizing the finished panel. The door made by hand is not exquisite and is for reference only.
164. The brand price of the big sink market is not cheap, and the quality of the no-name brand is mad.
165. The balcony doors are best made of fireproof panels. The balcony environment is rather harsh.
166. When making a bathroom basin cabinet, first consider the size of the basin so that it cannot be installed in the future.
167. Glass is a very important thing. It's best to buy it nearby, or think about transportation methods first.
168. When installing the lock, pay attention to the wax on the lock tongue, crash it and put it on the wax later. If there is no door stopper, be careful to prevent the handle from damaging the wall.
169. The matt paint is more beautiful than the high light, so don't listen to the painter. If the painter says that Matt is not good at brushing it, it must be technically bad. Also if the painter says that polyester is not good for urethane it is also fooling you
170. Insulation tapes and raw tapes are not bought in small shops. The quality of large supermarkets is obviously much better, and they are more weighty than they are.
171. If the refurnishing will use finished putty instead of talcum powder, there is no big reason to think that the finished putty is easy to use. Especially after digging the painter to diy himself, he realized that he was tired of talcum powder.
172. The installation of the junction box for installing the earth leakage protector and the air switch can not be saved, and it should not be placed outside in the room. I originally wanted to save money and use the old distribution box outside the door. The new one now finds his suggestion of great value. It's not hard to see behind the interior door, it's really easy to use!
173. It may be more appropriate to directly find the workers on the site of the large decorating company to clean up and clean the workers. The technology is better and the tools are more advanced.
174. Leakage protectors and air switches must be branded. Used "Merlin Gerin". It is also simple to buy genuine goods. Call the phone number of the headquarters of Merlin Gerin directly and then call the local branch number.
175. The under counter basin is more beautiful than the above-mentioned basin. It looks good and is good for cleaning.
176. It is important to pay attention to the under-basin mixers. The length of the taps should be longer, taking into account the thickness of the pots.
177. The hole before the toilet is installed is large. The floor drain cover can fall. If your floor drain has been installed and the toilet is not installed, be careful to drain the lid, or close the drain cover and store it elsewhere.
178. If you buy silica gel, GE will be the best importer, followed by GE in Shanghai. Of course, if it is used in a place that is not very important, it can be used for 7 or 8 yuan. For example, inside an aluminum alloy window frame, it is blocked with garbage-grade silicone. However, GE's silicones are all used in the bathroom and kitchen.
179. Triangle valve should not be omitted, but also can not save much money, if there is a triangle valve, then install the triangle valve can be found in advance to find whether there is leakage of copper joints, if not installed, only the last installation of the faucet to the copper joint to take over the pipe Only when it was possible to check whether the internal connections installed at that time were leaking, it would be impossible to test the leakage due to leaks for a certain period of time. In the end, it would be unsafe to install internal connections and taps.
180. Even though the diary has already talked about the renovations to do those things, you can do it yourself, you can't do it, and you have to use an idea. The decoration company communicates with the designer. The construction team communicates with the workers because It depends on them to realize your ideas.
181. The biggest problem with decoration is communication!
182. The kitchen cabinet is designed as a door type, BH. Should be designed as L type.
183. In the general renovation, 75-80% of the management fees, taxes, and materials of formal decoration companies are not included, and the wages account for 20-25%.
184. On the ground outside the kitchen and kitchen, a time bomb was installed on the floor of the house. If anyone said clearly, he would find himself in trouble.
185. If it is to be worn separately, but in a slot, what is the impact? Impact can be tolerated
186. Ask what is the partition between the dining room and the living room? Package door cover is the best deal, only 6 cm on the side, or with white oil, 2 meters high, it is not significant.
187. Strong and weak electricity should be separately managed. It is best to separate them and keep them at a distance of more than 10 cm. However, it is not easy to do so because most families have a slot to save money. The audio cable can be threaded into the same tube of weak electricity.
188. The interior of the furniture can be painted and affixed, and the doors and windows and doors in the home can be ventilated afterwards, only to have a pungent odor. In fact, you use a good wood core board, the interior of the furniture can not be processed.
189. The cabinet can use 15 PCT board and wood core board, and the back can use 5 clips and 5 PCT. The door and the drawer must use nine percent. Different process materials are not the same.
190. PPR pipes are not only suitable for cold water pipes but also for hot water pipes and even pure drinking water pipes. The interface of the PPR pipe adopts hot-melt technology and the pipes are completely integrated. Therefore, once the pressure test is installed, no leakage will occur. And the PPR tube will not foul. The PPR pipe is said to never foul, never rust, never leak, green advanced water supply materials.
191. The paint board is good, with the advantages of solid wood and composite.
192. ä¸è¦æŠŠæ‰“湿的å°åˆ·å“é•¿æ—¶é—´æ”¾åœ¨äººé€ çŸ³ä¸Š,除éžä½ 想dry一个å°èŠ±å°é¢; 也ä¸è¦æŠŠæ¹¿ç §æ¿é•¿æœŸæ”¾åœ¨å°é¢ä¸Š,木头湿了有时也褪色;用钢ä¸çƒæ“¦æ±¡æ¸,å°±åƒç”¨æ‰‹æŒ¤é’春痘.
193. 煤气表能用普通的门æ¿å°åœ¨æ©±æŸœé‡Œä¹ˆï¼Ÿ Need to use blinds type doors? Open the inspection ventilation regularly.
194. 清包工的tx请注æ„ï¼Œä¸€å®šæ ¸å®žè£…ä¿®é˜Ÿç»™ä½ å¼€çš„æ料清å•ã€‚ I might be sure to estimate it. I trust them too much. As a result, I almost doubled the number of wires and tubes bought.
195. æ´å…·çš„尺寸一定规划好,最好事先画出è‰å›¾ï¼Œè®¡ç®—一下尺寸。
196. ä¹°æˆå“门的åŒå¦æ³¨æ„ï¼Œå¦‚æžœä½ æƒ³è¿½æ±‚æ•ˆæžœç”¨å•†å®¶é…套的é¢æ¿åŒ…é—¨å¥—ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ å¯èƒ½å°±è¦è¢«ç‹ 宰一刀啦ï¼
197. Re: 安装水管å‰æ˜¯å¦è¦æŠŠé¾™å¤´å’Œå°ç›†ã€æ°´æ§½éƒ½ä¹°å¥½ï¼Ÿ
No, as long as you determine what is the basin faucet, bathtub faucet, washing machine faucet on the line, 99% of the leading and falling into water are in line with international norms, as long as the workers are not careless, nothing. If you do your own washbasin cabinet, washbasin needs to be bought in advance, or look good size. The size of the sink is determined in front of the weighing platform. It is advisable to buy it in front of the loading platform. Don't forget to take it off the stage or on the stage. The distance between hot and cold water pipes must be accurate 15 cm before being sealed with cement tiles, and must be parallel. If you have already bought it, it is best to install it, and then remove it after it is sealed.
198. å¦‚æžœç”¨ä¸€æ ¹8芯网线åŒæ—¶èµ°ç”µè¯å’Œç½‘络,会ä¸ä¼šäº’相干扰呀?ä¸ä¼š. 1,2,3,6打在网线模å—上,4,5打在电è¯æ¨¡å—上,å¦ä¸¤æ ¹éšä¾¿.说得ä¸é”™æˆ‘çš„ç»éªŒï¼š 10M用1236 100M就都è¦ç”¨äº†å…¶å®ž10/100M速度æ¥è¯´æˆ‘们ä¸ä¼šæ„Ÿè§‰æœ‰ä»€ä¹ˆå·®åˆ«çš„.如果用一æ¡8pin线的è¯ï¼Œæœ‰äº›ç¨‹æŽ§äº¤æ¢æœºä¿¡å·ä¼šé€ æˆå¯¹ç½‘络信å·çš„干扰,在家åºçŽ¯å¢ƒä¸ä¸€èˆ¬ä¸ä¼šæœ‰ä»€ä¹ˆé—®é¢˜çš„。 Rest assured that it can be so wiring but I still recommend to leave some allowance for the future, the cable is very cheap, you say?
199. 一定è¦å¥½å¥½æ£€æŸ¥é…电箱的安装。
200. 装水龙头的教è®æµ´ç¼¸å’ŒèŠ±æ´’的水龙头所连接的管å是预埋在墙里的,我一å†å®å˜±ä»–们尺寸è¦å¼„准,ä¸è¦åˆ°æ—¶å€™è£…ä¸ä¸Šã€‚结果冷çƒæ°´ç®¡é—´è·æ˜¯ç•™äº†15公分, å¯å†·çƒæ°´ç®¡ä¸å¹³è¡Œï¼Œç»“果水电工费了åƒå¥¶çš„力æ‰å®‰ä¸Šã€‚ Yesterday I discovered that the coating of my fb GROHE thermostatic faucet was cracked. If you can install the faucet first, you must first install it. Should be the first to buy back the faucet, then install hot and cold water pipes, tiling it.å¶å®¶é¾™å¤´å¾ˆæ—©å°±ä¹°å›žæ¥äº†ï¼Œæ˜¯å¶å®¶å¸ˆå‚…让买的。
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1ã€åŽ‚家实力和销售é‡å†³å®šè®¾è®¡å¸ˆçš„æ•°é‡å› æ¤ï¼Œå¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡è®¾è®¡å¸ˆçš„æ•°é‡å过æ¥æŽ¨æ–厂家的实力和销售é‡ä¸€èˆ¬è®¾è®¡å¸ˆæ¯æœˆå¯ä»¥è®¾è®¡20~35套橱柜,35套å¯ä»¥è¯´æ˜¯æžä¸ªåˆ«çŽ°è±¡ï¼Œå› æ¤åªè¦é—®æ©±æŸœé—¨åº—æœ‰å‡ ä¸ªè®¾è®¡å¸ˆå°±åŸºæœ¬å¯ä»¥åˆ†æžå‡ºè¿™ä¸ªå“牌的月销售é‡äº†
2ã€è®¾è®¡å¸ˆæˆæœ¬åˆ†æžæŒ‰è®¾è®¡å¸ˆæœˆæ”¶å…¥5000计算,æ¯æœˆè®¾è®¡25套计算则æ¯å¥—设计费用是200元,折算æˆå»¶ç±³æ˜¯40å…ƒ/延米(这是设计的最低费用),å°è§„模橱柜厂设计师业务是åƒä¸é¥±çš„,其摊派的费用自然也高更å°çš„æ©±æŸœåŽ‚åˆ™å‡ ä¹Žæ²¡æœ‰å›ºå®šè®¾è®¡å¸ˆï¼Œè€Œæ˜¯è¯·ç‹¬ç«‹è®¾è®¡å¸ˆè®¾è®¡çš„ï¼Œå…¶æ¯å¥—设计费自然会上涨门店æˆæœ¬åˆ†æžï¼ˆæŒ‰å®œå±±è·¯çš„门店)
门店租金:一个80~100平方米门店月租金在3Wå·¦å³ï¼ˆä¿å®ˆä¼°è®¡ï¼‰
店员费用:2人*2500=5000元其他费用:水电+电è¯+办公费用=3000元销售估计:50套(比较ä¹è§‚估计,ä¸ç‰è§„模)
则æ¯å¥—摊派费用为3.8W/50套=760元,折åˆ152å…ƒ/延米安装制作费用简å•åˆ†æž
1ã€å®‰è£…费用:2人1天完æˆä¸€å¥—安装=120å…ƒ
2ã€åˆ¶ä½œè´¹ç”¨åŸºæœ¬åœ¨200元左å³/套(按装修公å¸ç®—了,没法按橱柜厂计算,ä¸äº†è§£ï¼‰
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1)上下柜(ä¸å«å°é¢ï¼‰å¦‚用进å£é…制至少在2000å…ƒ/米左å³ã€‚
2)上下柜(ä¸å«å°é¢ï¼‰å¦‚用国产é…制最多在1150å…ƒ/米左å³ã€‚
3)æ¢å¥è¯è¯´ï¼šå¸‚场上销售的å«å°é¢é”€å”®ä»·åœ¨2000å…ƒ/ç±³å“牌有以下疑点:
1) 柜体基本ä¸çŽ¯ä¿ã€‚
2) é—¨æ¿å°è¾¹æ¡åŸºæœ¬ä¸æ˜¯è¿›å£ã€‚
3) 柜体å°è¾¹æ¡åŸºæœ¬ä¸æ˜¯è¿›å£ã€‚
4) è´´è„šæ¿åŸºæœ¬ä¸æ˜¯è¿›å£ã€‚
5) 顶角线基本ä¸æ˜¯è¿›å£ã€‚
6) 调整脚基本ä¸æ˜¯è¿›å£ã€‚
7) 拉手基本ä¸æ˜¯è¿›å£ã€‚
橱柜“猫腻â€å¤§å…¨ï¼ˆ2)
作为业内人士,我们知é“橱柜产业的å‘展和现状,本ç€å¯¹ç¤¾ä¼šçš„一ç§è´£ä»»æ„Ÿï¼Œæœ¬ç€å¯¹ä¸å›½çš„橱柜的民æ—工业å‘展充满信心特写出猫腻大全è¯çŒ«è…»å¤§å…¨ä¸é’ˆå¯¹ä»»ä½•ä¸ªäºº,å…¬å¸,网站,特æ¤å£°æ˜Ž)
橱柜行业跨入的门槛很低,到目å‰ä¸ºæ¢åœ¨ä¸å›½è¿˜å±žäºŽåŠ³åŠ¨å¯†é›†åž‹ä¼ä¸šï¼Œç›®å‰ä»…上海地区ä¸ä½ŽäºŽ100家投资在10万元以下的橱柜å°åŽ‚。但è¦æŠŠæ©±æŸœå…¬å¸æ•´ä½“è¿è½¬èµ·æ¥ï¼Œå®Œæˆè®¢å•èƒ½åŠ›å´ç›¸å½“困难,它涉åŠåˆ°è®¸å¤šæ¥éª¤.具体如下:
a.厂房规模b.精良设备c.工厂管ç†d.生产能力e.è´¨é‡ä½“ç³»f.采è´ä½“ç³»g.设计能力h.门店数é‡i.安装能力j.å”®åŽä½“系。ä¸ç®¡æœˆç”Ÿäº§èƒ½åŠ›æœ‰å¤šå°‘,è¦å…·å¤‡ä»¥ä¸Šè¿è¥èƒ½åŠ›ï¼Œä»…仅人力资æºè‡³å°‘需达20人以上。
ç›®å‰ï¼Œèƒ½è¾¾åˆ°ä»¥ä¸Šå‡ 项的æ£å¸¸è¿è¥çš„å…¬å¸ï¼Œä¸Šæµ·åœ°åŒºçš„橱柜公å¸ä¸è¶…过10家。
现作åŠå¼çš„橱柜公å¸åŸºæœ¬æƒ…况如下:
Aï¼‰åŽ‚æˆ¿è§„æ¨¡ï¼šç ´çƒ‚ä¸å ªï¼Œå¤§æ¦‚在100~500平方米左å³ï¼Œæœ‰äº›ç”šè‡³äºŽåœ¨100平方米以内.
B)精良设备:一å°ç®€æ˜“型推å°é”¯10000元左å³ï¼Œä¸€å°ç®€æ˜“åž‹å°è¾¹æœº5000~10000元左å³ï¼ŒåŠ 一些辅助设备,有些甚至用最原始的å‘çƒç®¡æ¥åŠ çƒå°è¾¹ã€‚
C)工厂管ç†ï¼šå¾€å¾€ç»ç†ã€åŽ‚é•¿ã€è½¦é—´ä¸»ä»»èº«å…¼ä¸‰èŒï¼ŒåŠžå…¬å®¤1~2äººï¼Œæ— ä»»ä½•æ“作æµç¨‹.
D)生产能力:车间里1~10åèŒå·¥å·¦å³ã€‚æ¥ä¸€å¥—订å•ï¼Œåˆ¶ä½œä¸€å¥—,有些甚至由ç»ç†ã€åŽ‚é•¿ç‰è‡ªå·±äº²è‡ªåˆ¶ä½œ
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G)设计能力:è€æ¿äº²è‡ªè®¾è®¡æˆ–者è˜ç”¨å…¶ä»–å…¬å¸å…¼èŒè®¾è®¡å¸ˆï¼Œæˆ–者设计师在家里ç‰å‘¼æœºæŽ¥å•ï¼Œæ— 任何组织å¦ä¹ å½¢å¼.
H)门店:1~3åªåº—é¢å·¦å³ï¼Œæ ·å“往往出高价,从大型厂家买进,æ¥å……实自己的门店。装修期很长,é 低价ä½æ¥å¸å¼•å®¢æˆ·ï¼Œæœ‰äº›ç”šè‡³æ— 任何店é¢ï¼Œä»…ä»…é 装潢公å¸çš„订å•æ¥ç»´æŒ.
I)按装能力:没有ç»è¿‡ä»»ä½•åŸ¹è®ï¼ŒæŒ‰è£…工具è€å¼ï¼Œæœ‰äº›ç”šè‡³åˆ†å››æ¥å®‰è£…a.装柜体b.装门æ¿c.é‡å°é¢d.装å°é¢ï¼›
J)售åŽä½“ç³»: 厂家往往在建æå–场租èµæ‘Šä½ï¼Œå¦‚业务ä¸å¥½æ—¶ï¼Œå°±æ’¤ç¦»ï¼Œå·¥åŽ‚在2å°æ—¶å†…å¯ä»¥å…¨éƒ¨æ¬è¿ï¼Œæ›´è°ˆä¸ä¸Šå®Œå–„çš„å”®åŽç»´ä¿®åŠä¿å…»ã€‚
For more decoration information, please visit:
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Xi'an Decoration Classroom Video Station: http://
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Characteristically,such tools consist of a precision tool form or mandrel with super-abrasive particles deposited on the working surface and locked in place by electrode position of a bonding matrix,most frequently nickel.The particles are so locked onto the tool surface may vary in size and dispersion to suit the purpose of the tool, but they should lie in a single layer.
Electroplated grinding wheels with nickel bonding can achieve high stock removal rates and high-precision profiles on parts being ground. Depending on the wheel blank design,plating technique, and post-treatment of the single-layer grit structure, many different grinding wheels can be produced using this bond system.There is no need for dressing during the life of the wheel.This avoids downtime and eliminates the need for a dressing device.
When you need to remove more material than polishing will allow,use quality grinding wheels.Diamond grinding wheels are used for grinding, shaping,flattening or smoothing of your specific application of stone.The Diamond Tool Store offers a full line of diamond grinding and shaping wheels for many applications that come in many different sizes with desired grits and positions.The product line you will see for grinding tools will reduce the amount of chipping and special shapes and sizes that allow fabricators to get into tight corners for a clean,smooth finish.