United States Not only have visible light invisibility cloaks, but also hidden sound clothing; self-assembled nano-ropes are not inferior to natural materials; hydrogen storage, light-harvesting, strongest light absorption and lightest materials have also been successfully developed. Mao Li (resident in the United States) In January, researchers developed a "hidden clothing" that is not detected by sonar. It is a sound circuit made of ultra-medium materials that can be bent or Reverse to control the sound waves. In the same month, scientists used the principle of repeatedly forming covalent bonds between atoms to develop a polymer material with super-self-repairing ability, which is cross-linked by trithiocarbonate. It needs to be irradiated with ultraviolet rays to re-grow it together. In February, scientists exposed ordinary sucrose to flowing hydrogen and argon under heating and low pressure, and produced pure monolayer graphene in 10 minutes. The thickness can be controlled by adjusting the flow of gas. In the same year, other scientists found a simple way to produce graphene: by burning pure magnesium in dry ice, it can directly convert carbon dioxide into multilayer graphene. In March, scientists developed a nanocomposite that efficiently stores hydrogen. The material consists of magnesium metal and polymer, which can quickly absorb and release hydrogen at room temperature. In June, scientists designed a material with a variable refractive index and converted it into a new metamaterial. The first visible "visual cloak" was developed to make objects with heights of 300 nm and 6 microns wide disappear from visible light. ". In the same month, scientists made progress on the development of self-assembled nanomaterials with the complexity and function of natural materials. They “induced†the polymer peptidomimetic chains to self-assemble into nano-ropes, which are close to natural biomaterials and are very robust. It is enough to cope with harsh environments such as heat and dryness. In September, American and Japanese scientists developed a unique new superconductor based on ruthenium. It can reach the "quantum critical point" in its natural state, and this discovery breaks through the limitations of theoretical physics. In addition, the scientists bonded two non-magnetic insulators together, and the study demonstrated for the first time that magnetic and superconductivity can coexist. In November, the newly developed ultra-black material of the scientist is called “the most absorbable lightâ€. It absorbs almost all the light that is irradiated on it (from ultraviolet to far infrared), and the absorption rate exceeds 99%. In the same month, the scientists newly developed The world's lightest material is dense, and its energy absorption performance is similar to that of synthetic rubber, but it is 100 times lighter than polystyrene foam. United Kingdom Graphene research continues to make progress, and the future application prospects are excellent; new technologies and new materials combine to produce new results. Liu Haiying (Reporter in the UK) In February, an international research team of researchers from the United Kingdom, the United States and South Korea announced that they had invented a new method that would efficiently use a variety of specialities within a few hours using ultrasonic pulses. The layered material is made of a graphene-like nanochip having only one atom thick. The method is low-cost and can be used for large-scale industrial production. In July, scientists at the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom observed that the interaction between electrons in graphene and the speed of electron movement is several tens of times that in silicon. The discovery further reveals graphene. Electrical performance; in August, British scientists found that the combination of graphene and metal nanostructures can increase the concentrating power of graphene by 20 times, thus changing the efficiency of graphene due to concentrating light (only absorbed on it) 3% of the light to generate electricity) is difficult to apply to the drawbacks of the next generation of optoelectronic devices; in October, the University of Manchester scientists assembled two layers of boron nitrate and two graphene into a multi-layer structure, allowing scientists to observe When graphene is not affected by the environment, it can eliminate the negative effects of the surrounding environment and control the electrical properties of graphene. In November, scientists at the University of Cambridge in the UK used the ordinary household printer to print the graphene. The flexible circuit makes it possible to manufacture wearable electronic devices on a large scale and cheaply, and the application space of graphene is further expand. In addition to graphene, the results of British scientists in the field of new materials in 2011 include: In February, British scientists discovered that spherical carbon molecules fullerene can form a single component colloid under certain conditions. The existence of this "inflection point" colloid consisting entirely of carbon gives scientists a better grasp of the properties of fullerenes as a whole, making the development and application of fullerenes a step forward. In July, the international research team of the United Kingdom, the United States and Singapore developed a "super material" that built a zero refractive index. The new photonic nanostructure enables scientists to manipulate the refractive index of light and fully control the propagation of light in the air. Germany Developed a new high-temperature superconducting material and technology to prevent icing on the surface of the material, making smart sunscreen glass and low-cost vascular stents. Li Shan (Resident in Germany) In January, scientists at the University of Munich developed a new method, through fluorescence polarization microscopy, in a special confocal laser scanning microscope and the length of fluorescent dye molecules suitable for placement in nanotubes Next, directly observe the growth process and structure of the silicon nanotubes. In the same month, scientists at the Max Planck Structural Dynamics Research Group at the University of Hamburg successfully used strong infrared laser pulses to convert rare earth-containing copper oxide ceramic materials into high-temperature superconductors at a temperature of minus 263 degrees Celsius for about one picosecond. In February, scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Interface and Biotechnology (IGB) in Germany and their partners announced an anti-icing material for synthetic materials. This micro-nano structure layer which deposits impact-resistant polyurethane on a plastic film in a vacuum box by using a plasma technique can prevent icing and ice from sticking because there is no nucleus available for icing on the surface. In March, scientists at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) in Germany used the "laser direct writing method (DLS)" to create a special anti-protein polymer scaffold with a square protein linker and successfully used to culture target cells. . This is the first time to achieve precise control of cell attachment and cell morphology in a three-dimensional structure. In June, scientists from the Institute of Metal Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Hamburg-Harburg Institute of Technology in Germany developed a "hybrid" material. The material consists of nanoporous gold, solution and metal-solution interface. Its strength and plastic deformation ability can be adjusted quickly, greatly and reciprocally by applying electrical signals. In September, scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute for Polymer Applications in Germany developed a smart sunscreen glass. The glass consists of a layer of glass sandwiched with a resin film containing polymer microcapsules. When the temperature reaches a certain height, the glass changes from transparent to fuzzy, and 30% to 50% of the solar heat is isolated. After the temperature drops, The glass will become transparent again. In November, scientists at Ruhr University in Bochum and Aachen University of Technology developed a new method for the production of vascular implants using a special weaving technique, making this stent made of modern shape memory alloy economically straightforward. Woven from titanium-nickel alloy wire, the cost of such a bracket is reduced because no expensive laser cutting process is required. Japan Developed new methods for manufacturing nanotubes and improving the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Ge Jin (resident in Japan) A joint research team at Kyoto University and the High-Glow Optical Research Center developed a new method for manufacturing nanotubes. Nanotubes are mainly used in new inductive materials and electronic actuators. In the past, the manufacture of nanotubes required high temperatures of over 1000 degrees and the shape was relatively simple. This new method breaks through these limitations and therefore has broad application prospects. Researchers at Kyoto University have developed a new manufacturing method that can greatly improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized polymer photocells. The dye-sensitized polymer photocell has been highly regarded as a low-cost next-generation organic photocell, but its power generation efficiency has been lower than that of the currently popular silicon photocell. The success of this new manufacturing method has increased its power generation efficiency by 50%, which is conducive to the gradual popularization of organic photovoltaic cells. Researchers at the Industrial Technology Research Institute have developed a new type of photothermal power generation element that uses carbon nanotubes to generate electricity even when buried in the body. The results of this research will provide new tools for the future supply of embedded medical devices in the body. Brazil Developed methods for making superplastics from plant waste and nanotechnology that can be used in shoes and textiles. Zhang Xinsheng (Reporter in Brazil) In April this year, researchers from the Department of Agronomy of São Paulo State University extracted fibers from plant waste to create a new generation of super plastics that are lighter, stronger, and more ecological than traditional polyethylene. Features. Products made from this fiber are 30 times lighter than conventional products and 3 to 4 times stronger. Brazil's Dublauto has developed a nanotechnology for shoes and textiles. The palm and other materials in the shoe help to absorb the odor generated during exercise and make the shoes more comfortable. This technology uses palms and other fillers with nanoparticles to prevent odors and moisturize the skin. Russia Focus on the development of nanomaterials and develop new methods for producing nanoporous alumina. Zhang Hao (Reporter in Russia) Nanotechnology is a technology industry that Russia has paid much attention to in recent years. In October, the 4th Russian Nano International Forum was held in Moscow. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev attended and pointed out that Russia will further expand the government support plan for basic research, including support for nanotechnology research and development as a priority area for basic research. By 2014, the national investment in the basic research field will reach 8 billion US dollars. In addition, in order to promote the industrialization of nanotechnology, Russia has also set up a special fund to formulate a preferential credit policy, in which only the foreign bank's special loan amount exceeds 10 billion US dollars. Russian scientists in the field of nanotechnology also achieved success this year. In November 2011, "Russian Nanotechnology" magazine published a message from Russian scientists using silicon wafers as a substrate to produce nanoporous alumina by magnetron sputtering. Korea South Korea has increased its investment in the field of new materials and fuel cells. From its achievements, its research and development direction mainly faces the practical application of enterprises. Xue Yan (resident in South Korea) In May, the Korea Nuclear Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and the Korea Energy Technology Research Institute (KIER) jointly developed new materials that could improve the energy efficiency of fuel cells. There are two kinds of development results: one is “carbon thin film silver nano powder catalyst†which can make solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operate at low temperature; the other is not only can greatly reduce methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The "radiation-illuminated polymer fuel electronic film" that is bulky and energy-efficient. In August, the Ulsan University of Science and Technology and the Battery Research Institute of the LG Chemical Technology Research Institute developed a new electrode material that was charged or discharged within 2 minutes. The battery for mobile phones or electric vehicles can not only greatly shorten the charging time, but also can greatly increase the output power of the electric vehicle by discharging a large amount of electricity in a short time. The experimental results show that this battery is 200 times faster than the current charge of the existing rechargeable battery, and the charging can be ended in only 2 minutes. After 400 times of repeated charge and discharge, the capacity of the battery was maintained at about 98%. In October, a research team led by Professor Jin Shanting of Hanyang University in South Korea and Australian researchers jointly developed a rotating artificial muscle fiber using the next generation of new material carbon nanotubes. According to the research team, fibers with a length of 1 mm can be rotated by 250 degrees, so they can be used in the drive of micro-robots. South Africa Developed natural fiber composites and polymer nanocomposites for aerospace applications. Li Xuehua (Reporter in South Africa) The South African Institute of Technology and Industry (CSIR), based on the NATFIBIO biocomposite project with Airbus, focuses on the development of natural fiber composites to develop and produce aviation-compliant products. Biodegradable panels for the manufacture of non-load bearing components inside the aircraft. CSIR has produced biocomposites from phenolic resins and natural fibers, and its performance is suitable for aerospace applications. At present, it is focusing on 100% bio-composite plastics (such as the use of polydecyl alcohol as an alternative resin), and plans to expand the application to electronics, automotive manufacturing and other industries. Polydecyl alcohol can be obtained from a large amount of local sugarcane waste and is inexpensive. Canada Developed a new generation of nano-light-harvesting "antenna" and new glass waterproof fog coating materials. Du Huabin (Reporter in Canada) In July, Canadian scientists took inspiration from the photosynthesis of plants and developed a new generation of nano-light-harvesting "antennas" that control and direct the energy absorbed from light. Adding scientists to their own advanced research in DNA and semiconductor research, allowing certain types of nanoparticles to attach to each other, self-assembling into the latest nano-antenna complexes, and naming the materials that are self-assembled by quantum dots. Rosed immobilized一ä½woman. The latest research fills the gap that “complexes can be built using many different types of nano-quantum dotsâ€. In the same month, Canadian scientists developed a new type of glass waterproof fog coating material, which they believe can ultimately solve the waterproof fog problem of automotive glass, spectacle lenses and optical lenses. The coating does not have any effect on the optical properties of the glass. France The development of new carbon-absorbing materials is expected to provide new ideas for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Li Wei (Reporter in France) In May, the French National Research Center developed a new material called MIL-101, which can adsorb a large amount of carbon dioxide gas. The volume of 1 cubic meter of MIL-101 can be stored at 25 degrees Celsius. 400 cubic meters of carbon dioxide, and now the general adsorption material under the same conditions of storage is only 200 cubic meters. This material is expected to enhance its ability to combat global warming and provide new ideas for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Ukraine A number of advances have been made in the field of welding research. Cheng Gang (a reporter in Ukraine) Researchers at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine have developed a new power supply unit for high-frequency welding and a welding technique based on cubic boron nitride. A new method for evaluating the contact endurance of a triboelectric element is proposed. The method can directly mix the chromium and vanadium in the iron-carbon alloy and the steelmaking slag, the concentrate and the ash of the thermal power plant, thereby oxidizing. The chromium and vanadium of the melt were reduced by 95% and 90%, respectively. Shantui Undercarriage Parts,Shantui Parts,Shantui Forklift,OEM Shantui Undercarriage Parts JINING SHANTE SONGZHENG CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY CO.LTD , https://www.huaxinbrush.com
2011 World Science and Technology Development Review (new material)
Abstract In the United States, not only visible light invisibility cloaks, but also hidden sound clothing; self-assembled nano-ropes are not inferior to natural materials; hydrogen storage, light-harvesting, strongest light absorption and lightest materials have also been successfully developed. Mao Li (resident in the United States) In January, researchers developed a kind of snoring that could not be detected...