Farmers please note: The coldest winter in history has come, how can garlic be more resistant to freezing?

In recent years, garlic freeze has occurred, causing garlic to reduce production. According to the garlic farmers, some garlic fields in Shandong Province in China, last year, the death of garlic can reach half, the loss of garlic farmers. According to the analysis of meteorological experts, this year will be cold winter, and crops should be prepared for cold protection. In order to effectively prevent the freezing damage of garlic, this paper summarizes the freeze injury and cold prevention measures of garlic, in order to help garlic farmers.

First, analyze the causes of garlic damage

1. Extremely cold weather

Garlic is a relatively cold-resistant crop that can withstand short-term temperatures of -10 °C. If the temperature is below -10 °C for a long time, or extreme cold weather, garlic is prone to freezing and killing.

2, variety

Different varieties of garlic have different tolerance to low temperature, and white garlic has strong cold tolerance, such as Laiwu white skin. Some varieties are also less resistant to cold, such as Lu Gar No. 2. Some varieties are planted all the year round, the degradation is more serious, the cold resistance will be worse and worse, and it is easy to cause winter frost damage.

3. Partial application of chemical fertilizer, low organic matter content in soil

Because the roots of garlic are shallow, the roots are less, the roots have weaker absorption capacity, and the soil requirements are higher. The soil suitable for cultivation must be rich in organic matter and have good air permeability. If long-term partial application of chemical fertilizers causes soil compaction, it is also likely to cause malnutrition of garlic roots and poor cold resistance.

4, the broadcast period is too early

There is a certain difference in the response of garlic to the low temperature in different growth stages of the same variety. The young plants have the strongest cold tolerance when 4-5 leaves are used. This is the most suitable wintering age for autumn-sown garlic. It is too large and too susceptible to freezing damage. The perennial planting time of northern garlic is generally concentrated in late September, but with the popularity of mulching cultivation area and the increasing accumulation of temperature before winter, the garlic planted in this period tends to grow stronger before winter, making the plant grow to 7-8 before winter. Above the leaves, some can reach 9 leaves, so the anti-freezing ability is weakened, and it is easy to cause large-scale freezing damage. Moreover, with the increase of planting area, some garlic farmers have begun to make early sowing in order to save labor costs. This is more likely to cause freezing damage.

5, shallower sowing

Garlic is suitable for shallow sowing, otherwise the seedlings are late, the seedlings are weak, and the convulsions are late. The ridge is suitable for a depth of 3-4 cm and the ridge is 2-3 cm. Some straws are returned to the field for rotary tillage, the suppression is not true, the soil is loose, the sowing is too shallow, and there are hidden dangers of low temperature freezing damage and drought disaster.

Second, some measures to prevent garlic damage

1, update and replace the garlic

In recent years, the phenomenon of garlic damage in some areas is serious, causing great losses to the garlic farmers. One of the reasons is that the garlic varieties are single and the planting time is long. The characteristics of garlic varieties have been degraded, resulting in poor resistance to stress, reduced yield and disease resistance. In order to reduce losses and improve the disease resistance and high yield of garlic, it is possible to introduce good varieties for replacement and replacement according to specific conditions. According to the comparison test of varieties in recent years, the yield performance and stress resistance of Jinxiang No.1 and Laijiao series are better. It is recommended that garlic farmers actively use them.

2, fine land preparation, master the sowing depth

It is necessary to plough the land in time after the harvest of the former crop. Generally, deep ploughing is more than 20cm. After deep ploughing, it is not immediately flattened, so that the soil is exposed to the sun. This is called drying the ridge to promote soil weathering. After a few days, come back to the fine sputum, so that the soil can reach the upper Panasonic, no dark and dark. In recent years, garlic farmers have been accustomed to rotary tillage. The ploughing layer is only a dozen centimeters and cannot break the bottom of the plow. It is recommended to plow at least once every two years to facilitate the rooting of the roots and improve the resistance of garlic. The sowing depth is controlled at 2-3cm, which is not conducive to emergence, and the shallow anti-freezing performance is weakened.

3, the formula is applied to the base fertilizer

The mulch garlic is not convenient for top dressing. It should be based on base fertilizer, and it should be applied with topdressing. Fertilization should be based on farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, a small number of times, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and increase the application of microbial fertilizer.

Before ploughing the land, apply 2-3 square meters/mu of decomposed chicken manure or 4-5 square meters/mu of high-quality rotted manure. After the leveling is fine (the clod diameter should be less than 3cm), do it. After the kneading surface is leveled, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied. The application rate depends on the ground force. The medium fertility soil can be 20kg/mu of coated urea, 25kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 30kg/mu of potassium sulfate or 100kg of controlled release compound fertilizer. Mu and other compound micro-fertilizer 5-8kg/mu.

The soil conditioner can be sprayed once before the whole planting, and the soil conditioner can be changed, the soil environment of garlic growth can be improved, and the quality and commerciality can be improved. Second, it can improve the anti-reverse performance of garlic, reduce the damage caused by garlic freeze and disease.

4, suitable sowing

Sowing at the right time to ensure that the garlic reaches 5 leaves and 1 heart to 6 leaves before wintering. At this time, the cold resistance of garlic is strong to ensure the strong wintering of the seedlings.

5 Pouring the winter water.

Garlic is a winter crop. Like wheat, it should be carefully and carefully poured over the winter water to make the garlic safe for winter. When watering, you should choose a sunny weather after three to five days of continuous freezing before the sealing. The time should be small watering before 4 o'clock in the morning and no water flooding. And timely clear the floating soil on the plastic film, which is conducive to the garlic field to fully absorb the temperature of the sun.

6. Check the film in time to prevent it from being picked up by the wind. Due to the large winter wind, the mulch covered with garlic was inspected in time, and it was found that it was picked up by the wind and should be repaired as soon as possible.

7. Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer

Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer before wintering can greatly improve the anti-freezing ability and wintering ability of garlic.

8. Promote "double film coverage"

Garlic "double film coverage" mode can effectively resist the freezing damage of garlic during the winter. Main technical points:

The first time the film is applied in one type. It is cultivated with conventional mulching film.

2 The second time before the winter, the film was covered. After the heavy snow festival, or according to the forecast of the meteorological department, when the average temperature drops below zero, the garlic is above the dormancy and stops growing, the second film is applied. Pay attention to the film, press the soil on both sides of the film, and do not overtighten, give the garlic a suitable space.

Check the garlic field before the film is covered, and the garlic seedlings without the mulch film are hooked out with a wire hook.

Since there are many northwest winds in winter, when the film is started, the east and west are filmed from the south and the north and south are from the east.

3 back to the green period, usually in the early March of the next year, the second layer of film was removed.