Ultra Plantâ„¢ Grow Light offers One Chip Technology aimed to meet your indoor growing expectation such as improve plants' quality, increase yield, or better the margin, etc., all for helping you realize a higher return on your crops.
From Ultra Plantâ„¢ APP, you are able to schedule the growing process including photoperiod, brightness and spectral in advance. The lighting system will help you grow smarter, easier and better.
Grow Light On Seedling,Seedling Grow Lights,Seedling Led Grow Lights,Best Grow Light On Seedling Feton Corporation , https://www.nbultraplantled.com
Wheat is one of the most important food crops in China, with a cultivation area of ​​more than 26 million hectares. Therefore, wheat production is of great significance to the stability of China's total grain production and agricultural production. In recent years, continuous drought has caused the reduction of surface water resources, insufficient groundwater resources, and increasingly serious drought problems, which has severely restricted the development of wheat production. To this end, we have explored dryland wheat cultivation techniques to form a complete set of cultivation techniques and improve dryland. Wheat yields will be an important way to increase wheat production.
1. Dryland wheat has great potential for increasing production.
The light and heat resources in the drylands of the north are sufficient, and the water conditions are the main factors limiting the crop yield. The wheat production potential can be estimated based on the water resources. A common and common method is to estimate the amount of soil water storage and precipitation during the growing season and the efficiency of water use. The so-called water use efficiency refers to the quantity of 1mm precipitation production economic output, and its reciprocal, that is, the millimeter value of precipitation consumed per 1kg of economic output, is called the water consumption coefficient. Northwest Agricultural University measures the productivity of soil water storage under artificially controlled conditions. When the fertility is not a limiting factor, the minimum water consumption coefficient of winter wheat is 0.75mm/kg. Laiyang Agricultural College measured under field conditions, the minimum water consumption coefficient of winter wheat reached 0.67mm/kg.
Most of the dryland soils in the north are thinner, but the soil can accumulate more water before sowing. The dryland wheat can use water resources, including the effective water in the growing season and the soil before planting. The dry land with a soil thickness of 1m or more can reach 400mm or more. According to the above water use efficiency calculation, there is still a production potential of 4500-6000kg/hm2.
Before the 1980s, due to the lack of understanding of dryland agriculture, the research and application of dryland wheat cultivation techniques were neglected for a long period of time, and the yield per mu has been hovering around 100kg. After the 1980s, agricultural universities and research institutes have systematically carried out research and development and application of dryland wheat yield-increasing technology. Major breakthroughs have been made in dryland wheat cultivation theory and technology research. Long-term low-yield and unstable dryland wheat has been widely obtained. With a high yield of more than 400kg per mu, it can even produce a high yield of “a thousand pounds†like the high-yield wheat field in irrigated land.
Laiyang Agricultural College has carried out research and development on the technology of increasing yield of dryland wheat in the north since the 1980s. Through 1982-1986, the large-scale development and research on the stimulation technology of local dry and low-yielding wheat fields in Laiyang, Shandong Province, made development. The yield of 60,000 mu of low-yield fields in the region increased by 151.7Kg from 118.5Kg, reaching the middle level of 270.2Kg per mu. On the basis of this, from 1986, the experimental research on the high yield of dryland wheat was carried out in Laiyang City and Laixi City. As a result, a large area of ​​400Kg, and even more than 500Kg of high-yield typical samples were obtained. In 1989, 1000 acres of high-yield fields in Maji Village of Laiyang Experimental Base, the yield per mu reached 445.86Kg, of which 100mu average yield was 544.6Kg, in 1990 The average yield per mu of 1300 mu in the Liquanzhuang experimental area of ​​Laixi City is 434.7Kg, of which the average yield per 780 mu is 476.8Kg, and the high-yield land is 552.1Kg. In the 1990s, many large-scale wheat fields with a yield of 500-600 kg per acre of dryland wheat were created in Laiyang, Laixi, Jiaonan, Luanchuan and Gaomi. On June 21, 2005, the Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and the Provincial Science and Technology Department organized experts to use 1.75 mu of wheat in the Maji Village of Fenggezhuang Town, Laiyang City. The yield per mu reached 605.6 kg.
The high yield of dryland wheat is a typical occurrence, indicating that dryland wheat has a large potential for increasing yield. Therefore, through the improvement of variety and cultivation techniques, it is possible to achieve widespread high yield of dryland wheat.
Second, the principle analysis of high yield wheat in dry land
1 Water consumption and water consumption of dryland wheat
The water consumption of dryland wheat is generally between 300 and 400 mm. During winter wheat production, the water consumption before winter accounts for 18.7% to 22.9%, mainly due to soil evaporation and water consumption. The water consumption from maturity to maturity accounts for more than 50%, mainly due to transpiration.
The water consumption of dryland wheat is soil water storage and natural precipitation. Soil storage water volume of one meter thick soil layer storage water sand is 180 ~ 210mm, loam is 270 ~ 360mm, clay is 330 ~ 390mm. The effective water storage capacity is 130-160 mm, the loam is 190-200 mm, and the clay is 150-170 mm. The thickness of the soil layer increased from one meter to 2.5 meters, and the soil water storage increased from 234.7 mm to 543 mm. The results show that the general soil water utilization rate is 47.5% to 53.6%. The utilization rate of the upper soil water is higher than that of the lower layer, the lower layer is 60% to 70%, and the upper layer is about 40%. The application of organic fertilizer to increase the soil water storage capacity can increase the soil water utilization rate. The natural precipitation during the growth period of northern wheat is 150-270mm, which varies greatly from year to year. For example, the precipitation with a precipitation guarantee rate of 80% is 122.4-211.3mm.
2 Fertility characteristics of high yield of dryland wheat
One of the most important characteristics of dryland wheat is that on the basis of large groups (the number of ears per mu is more than 500,000), the number of grains per ear is still relatively large, that is, the number of ears per ear and the number of grains per ear can be synchronized within a larger range of the number of ears per mu. increase.
The peak of tillering in the dryland wheat population appeared in the greening period, and the tillering period of the uplifting period decreased rapidly. The growth of dryland wheat is good, the leaves are small, the plants are clear, and the middle and lower leaves in the late growth stage are long-lasting.
The good ripening of wheat in dry land is conducive to the distribution of photosynthetic substances to the grains, and thus the economic coefficient. Generally, the economic coefficient of high-yield wheat in dry land is about 0.5.
3 Physiological characteristics of high yield of dryland wheat
The maximum leaf area coefficient of dryland wheat is as high as 6 or more, with an average of 5.6 and a flag-raising period of 5-6. In the late growth stage, the middle and lower leaves maintain a long green time, which is conducive to maintaining a large leaf area coefficient in the later stage. The leaf area coefficient during the filling stage is maintained above 4, which promotes the production of photosynthetic materials.
The root growth of dryland wheat is usually relatively higher than that of the aboveground part, that is, it maintains a high root-shoot ratio, and has strong osmotic adjustment and elastic regulation ability. Dryland wheat has a large proportion of roots distributed in the deep layer. The upper layer of soil is dry and water-poor, but the permeability is good, while the water content of the lower layer is relatively high. This can maintain the activity of deep roots in the late growth stage of wheat and ensure the moisture in the upper part of the soil. With the demand for mineral nutrients, the root system of the upper layer can produce ABA signals to regulate the opening and closing of the stomata of the shoots and the distribution of photosynthetic products, thus saving water and high yield.
Third, dry land wheat fertilizer early application of deep water-saving high-yield cultivation technical regulations
1. Fertilization technology
1) Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer
Single application of organic fertilizer or single application of chemical fertilizer can increase yield and fertility, but the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is better. In order to greatly increase the output and rapidly fertilize the soil, it is necessary to increase the input of chemical fertilizers while increasing the application of organic fertilizers as much as possible, and to implement the application of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. The low-yield, low-yield wheat field has low biological yield and insufficient organic fertilizer. It can apply more chemical fertilizers, replace inorganic with organic matter, and expand the circulation basis of organic matter.
2) Application of NPK fertilizer
Due to the imbalance of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in dryland, the effect of phosphorus application is generally greater than that of nitrogen fertilizer, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus interaction is significant. Therefore, fertilization of dryland wheat must be combined with nitrogen and phosphorus, and the proportion of phosphate fertilizer should be increased. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is generally 1:1. For example, for each kilogram of ammonium bicarbonate, 1 kg of superphosphate is applied in terms of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate.
3) Determine the amount of fertilizer applied in the field
In low-yield wheat fields in dryland, the dry land with thick soil layer is in the range of larger fertilization amount, and the yield increases with the increase of fertilizer application, and the economic benefit increases. In order to improve the ground force, in addition to meeting the needs of increasing yield in the current season, the applied fertilizer should accumulate soil nutrients. In addition to organic fertilizer, the thickness of the soil layer is more than 1 meter, and the 50-75 kilograms of ammonium and calcium superphosphate are obtained in the season. When potassium is needed, 10-15 kg of potassium fertilizer can be applied per mu. In order to cultivate fertility, farmers with conditions are encouraged to apply more fertilizers, especially to apply more phosphate fertilizers.
4) Fertilization method using “one shellingâ€
Dry land can not be watered, and the effect of topdressing is poor. It is recommended to use all the fertilizers, including organic fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, as the base fertilizer once in the cultivated land, and use the “one shelling†fertilization in the high-yield wheat field with high ground force. Wheat seedlings may show a prosperous trend before winter. Therefore, when the amount of fertilizer is high, attention should be paid to controlling the pre-winter group.
5) Deep application of fertilizer
On the basis of “one shellingâ€, the fertilizer is applied deeply, and the depth of fertilization is generally controlled at about 30 cm. This method of fertilization is simple and has a good yield increasing effect.
2. Farming measures
In the tillage measures, the former crops are cultivated before harvesting, and the early crops are harvested early after harvesting. Suitable for arable land, intensive cultivation, sorghum combination, and suppression before and after sowing are effective measures.
The role of deep tillage has long been affirmed by practice. Deepening and deepening the plough layer and breaking the bottom layer of the plough can effectively increase the accumulation of precipitation in the rainy season after the ploughing and the next year, and can also expand the absorption range of the root system, and its effect can last for many years. Most of the grain fields in Shandong Province are planting systems for two years, usually wheat-corn or wheat-peanut. After the first crops are harvested, they should be deeply ploughed early. Combined with deep tillage, the applied organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer should be applied at one time. After deep tillage, it should be promptly smashed to minimize the loss of sensation. These measures will be very obvious if used properly. Increase production results.
3. Coverage technology
1) Dryland wheat film mulching technology
(1) Appropriate amount of sowing. It can be delayed by 5-10 days than the regular sowing date, and the seeding amount is reduced by 10% compared with the conventional sowing amount, and 2.8-3 million holes per mu. (2) Improve the quality of the film. Artificial filming can be used, and then manually pushed by a double-row hole seeding machine, or mechanically. After the film is coated, press a soil belt every 1-2 meters to prevent the wind from blowing off the film. (3) Timely seedlings and seedlings. In the middle of October, the mulched wheat 3-4 leaf stage was planted, and after the end of October, the mulched wheat was sown in the spring of the second year. (4) Control weeds. (5) Control pests and diseases in a timely manner.
2) Dryland wheat coverage technology
In the wheat-corn two-crop planting system area, during the period of corn jointing-big bell, 200-400 kilograms of grass per acre is used to reduce soil water dispersion, calm the ground temperature, increase soil organic matter, and improve soil physical and chemical properties for wheat. Production plays a role in fertilizing soil and maintaining moisture.
4. Regulation of seedlings and group indicators
The standard of strong wheat seedlings in dryland requires not only the nutrient production, but also the high quality, that is, the wheat seedlings have strong vitality. The main performance is that the main stem leaves are 5-7 pieces before winter, and the roots are deep and tied in time. In winter, there are more green leaves for wintering; the spring wheat seedlings return to early morning, no premature aging, and high tillering rate.
Under the condition that soil moisture and nutrients are not limiting factors, sowing in the best sowing period is the most decisive for cultivating strong seedlings. While solving the problem of late planting, it is also necessary to prevent premature planting. However, the soil moisture must be taken into consideration when planting. When the soil is in danger of being lost, it is necessary to rush to sow and plant it properly.
The population structure of dryland wheat must be a high-yield and low-consumption group structure. The average variety of 100 kg per mu yields 100-120,000 spikes, Lumai 21 mu yields 400 kg per mu, about 400,000 ears per mu, and the yield of 500 kg per mu is 45-50 million ears per mu, and the precipitation conditions are good. The year allows a little more. The number of stems before winter should be 2-2.5 times of the number of panicles, and the spring tiller should be slightly increased. Appropriate sowing, the number of seedlings per mu is about 150,000, and the high-yielding fields with more early fertilization can be reduced to about 100,000. Among the main group indicators, the key is that the number of groups before the winter is not too much. Shallow fertilization in dry and thin soil is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings, and deep fertilization in dry and fertile land is beneficial to control the growth of wheat seedlings. Therefore, it is not advisable to apply fertilizer when the dry fertilizer is planted earlier.
5. Utilization of drought-resistant varieties
The drought resistance of different wheat varieties is quite different. The wheat varieties grown in dryland must have strong drought resistance. According to the test and identification in recent years, drought-resistant and low-yielding wheat fields, especially in hilly and dry land, are planted with drought-tolerant and drought-tolerant varieties. Drought and fertilizer resistant varieties should be planted in dry and fertile land.
6, field management
The management of dryland wheat fields is mainly based on conservation, while the protection measures are focused on suppression, followed by strokes. After sowing, the plough layer should be repressed when the moisture is poor, in order to facilitate emergence. Early spring wheat field management, in the years of precipitation, when the plough layer is better, it should be marked as early as possible; the autumn and winter rain and snow are less, the topsoil should be dry and the sloping should be suppressed, or the town should be smashed.
Dryland wheat topdressing also has the effect of increasing yield. When the base fertilizer is not applied, it can be topdressed. Topdressing should be chased early, and pay attention to deep application. In the process of low-yield and high-yield wheat in dryland, pests and diseases have a tendency to increase, and pest control must be done. Prevention and control of underground pests during sowing, timely control of red spiders in the spring, attention to prevention and control of aphids, armyworms and other hazards. In terms of disease prevention and control, in addition to powdery mildew and rust, high-yield fields should pay attention to the prevention and control of sheath blight.
4. Simplified technical points for early application of deep-fertilization and high-yield water-saving cultivation techniques in dryland wheat
1. Select the deep fertility of the soil layer and the yield index is 400-500kg per mu.
2. Deepen the tillage and deepen the tillage layer, increase the accumulated amount of the plough layer to the precipitation in the rainy season in the coming year, and expand the absorption range of the root system. The depth of the ploughing should be 25-30cm.
3, dryland wheat fertilizer operation should highlight the characteristics of early and deep, and pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Generally, the organic fertilizer is 3000-5000kg, pure nitrogen 16-18kg, P2O5 12-15kg, K2O 8-10kg, zinc sulfate 1kg, borax 0.5-1kg. The applied fertilizer is combined with deep tillage and the base fertilizer is applied to the soil.
4. Select high-yield and high-quality drought-resistant wheat varieties.
5, can not afford ridge, and other line spacing (20-22cm) sowing.
6, cultivate strong seedlings, create a reasonable group structure, timely sowing, requires basic seedlings 12-16 million, 6-7 pieces of main stem leaves before winter, total number of leaves before winter is 70-800,000, total number of springs 80- 1 million, the number of acres is about 500,000.
7. Using cultivating and repressing to protect floods and droughts, it is required to carry out the raking in time after the rain and early spring returning to the pulp. In particular, in early spring, the combination of strontium and pressure should be adopted, and the squashing should be carried out after the first suppression.
8. In the later stage of birth, if there is a phenomenon of de-fertilization, it is necessary to carry out root-dressing or borrowing and topdressing according to the conditions.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ Grow Light is combined our advanced All-In-One technology with patented optical design and customized light full spectrum supported from our experienced LED engineers, plant specialists and other partners working on horticulture.
Ultra Plantâ„¢ is the most versatile horticultural grow lighting fixture for indoor plants with flexible full spectrum, brightness control and uniform, wider light distribution, suitable for top lighting of all types of crops. No matter it applies to anywhere for any crop, Ultra Plantâ„¢ can do perfect work for you.
Early-season high-yield cultivation method for dryland wheat fertilizer
Drought is a global problem. There are more than 50 dry and semi-arid countries and regions in the world, accounting for 34.9% of the total land area. In terms of cultivated land area, the area of ​​irrigated land in the world only accounts for about 10-15%. . Drought has become an important factor limiting agricultural production. The development of dry farming has attracted more and more attention. Improving the productivity of drylands and meeting the growing demand for food has become a global goal. Drought is also the most serious agrometeorological disaster in China's agricultural production. In particular, the drought in the north is more frequent. In the 400 years since the 16th century, there have been 31 fewer droughts and 91 more per 100 years.
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】