Fertilization in the arid regions of Northwest China is stressful

The northwestern region mainly refers to the arid regions of Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and western Inner Mongolia, which are large in area and account for more than one-third of the national land area. Compared with other regions, agricultural production conditions are relatively poor, but in recent years, the development has been rapid, the potential for increasing production is great, and the problems of farmers' friends are increasing. Let's ask the experts to explain how to fertilize in the arid regions of Northwest China.

The first characteristic of fertilization in the Northwest is that the climate is dry, and the annual precipitation is small, but the evaporation is large. Except for some farmland with river water irrigation conditions, water shortage is the biggest obstacle to agricultural production. According to this feature, fertilization must be combined with water-saving irrigation.

The second characteristic of fertilization conditions in the Northwest is that soil fertility is low, nitrogen deficiency and phosphorus deficiency, and potassium are relatively high, but it is still effective to apply some potassium fertilizer to high-yield crops, fruits, vegetables, fruit trees and other cash crops.

The third characteristic of fertilization conditions in the northwestern region is that many soils have high salt content. It is necessary to apply more organic fertilizers and appropriate application of phosphate fertilizers. In addition to rice, less or no potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and other chlorinated fertilizers should be applied.

The northwestern region has a large north-south span, and the terrain is highly different. The northerly or higher-lying regions have a cold climate. How to fertilize?

In cold climates, the early spring has low soil temperature and slow fertilizer efficiency. Coupled with the short growth period and early sowing of spring wheat and potato, it is necessary to increase the amount of base fertilizer and the proportion of seed dressing.

There are winter wheat and spring wheat in the northwest. What are the different requirements for fertilization in these two crops?

Winter wheat is sown in autumn, harvested in the summer of the second year, with a longer growth period and higher yields; spring wheat is sown in early spring, without wintering, with lower yields and relatively less fertilization. The specific fertilization proposal is that under the condition of irrigation, the base fertilizer of more than 350 kg of winter wheat per mu, 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10~12 kg of urea and 3~5 kg of potassium chloride. Or apply a general-purpose or nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer 30~40 kg. Applying 10~20 kg of urea to the topdressing mu, mainly in the greening period, once or in divided doses. Spring wheat base fertilizer: 8~10 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10~12 kg of urea, 2~4 kg of potassium chloride, or 30~40 kg of general-purpose or nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer. In the future, it is not necessary to topdress, or to apply 3 to 5 kg of urea during the three-leaf period to the tillering stage.

Spring corn and summer corn in the northwest region, how to fertilize these two crops?

Generally speaking, spring maize has a long growth period, high yield and a large amount of fertilizer application, especially the application rate of phosphate fertilizer is higher than that of summer maize. However, many spring maize in the northwest region are on the hillside, the soil fertility is poor, and the yield is not too high, so the yield is not too high. The specific fertilization amount depends on the local soil fertility and production level. For spring maize with an output of more than 800 kg per mu, it is recommended that the base fertilizer should be applied with 10 to 12 kg of diammonium phosphate and urea, 5 to 10 kg of potassium chloride, or 30 to 40 kg of general-purpose or nitrogen-phosphorus compound fertilizer. Applying 10~30 kg of urea to the topdressing mu, mainly in the period of large sputum, once or in divided doses. In the case of summer maize, the amount of fertilizer applied is not much different, but the proportion of the early stage of topdressing should be appropriately increased, and the application of phosphate fertilizer can be appropriately reduced.

(Wang Xingren)