"Grasping the spring ploughing" is tantamount to the expert recommendation of the destructive encouragement: it is necessary to grasp the spring wheat field management in due course.

"At the start of the thriller festival, the girl does not stop." To the horror, most of China's regions entered the spring season. There are still half a month from the horror, and the localities are at the time of preparation. However, the reporter recently saw this situation in an interview in Shandong: some peasants who are eager to return to work in the city are "grazing the spring" and fertilizing water in advance. How does this affect the greening and normal growth of wheat seedlings? How to manage the wheat field at this stage? In response to these questions, the reporter interviewed relevant agricultural experts.

Direct spring plowing

The peasants are eager to return to the city to “grab” fertilize “busy” to pour the land. The wheat field has not yet returned to green but freezes. The spring climate of Weiquan, Weicheng, Wucheng County, Shandong Province is cold, and the current local river is still frozen. On February 11, when the reporter passed the village, he found a middle-aged man irrigating his own wheat field. The wheat field has been sprinkled with a layer of urea, which is being poured by means of flooding. And in the farmland next to the wheat field, you can see very thick ice, apparently just after pouring water. As a result, the reporter chatted with the peasant who poured the land. The middle-aged man who was pouring the ground told the reporter that he was a local peasant and had 4 mu of land in his home. The weather was cold this year, although it is still not pouring back. When the water is in the water, but because I am rushing back to work in the city, I can only water the wheat field in advance. In order to understand the depth of soil freezing, he excavated the soil between the rows of wheat and found that the thawed soil layer was only two or three centimeters thick, and then it was still frozen soil. Obviously, it was still a while from the wheat seedlings.
There are a large number of peasants working in cities in North China. If these peasants who are eager to go out to work are watering and fertilizing wheat in advance, is this unfavorable for the growth and development of winter wheat, which affects wheat production? On this issue, the reporter interviewed experts such as Professor Cao Yiping from the School of Resources and Environment of China Agricultural University.
Experts reminded that blind management is not conducive to increasing production should be strengthened in due course. The Ministry of Agriculture's Plantation Department mentioned in the "2012 Winter Wheat Field Management Technical Opinions" that last year's winter wheat sowing and sowing period was concentrated, standardized seeding technology was better implemented, and the quality of planting was better. High, soil moisture is appropriate, wheat emergence is neat, seedlings are all planted, and seedlings are a good year in recent years. It can be said that the current seedling situation has laid the foundation for the harvest of summer grain, and the key task of promoting the increase of summer grain production is to grasp the post management.
Experts believe that the early or late tube management of wheat should be based on the situation and the young crops. Under normal circumstances, the principle of water and fertilizer management of winter wheat is not forced to pour back into Qingshui, especially if it is not poured back into Qingshui, which will directly lead to the late emergence of seedlings. Unless the dry soil of individual plots is already very thick, such as more than 10 cm, in order to control the running, you can use sprinkling or pouring horse water during the daytime freezing. Even if the dry soil of the wheat field needs to be watered, it should be based on the seedlings. If it is Wang Miao, it will not need to be managed early. If it is weak and droughty before, it needs to be properly watered. . Moreover, the method of flooding irrigation after spraying urea is even more unreasonable, which may cause loss of urea volatilization and waste of water, and may also damage the wheat seedlings.
In terms of the specific climatic conditions of Weizhuang, Professor Cao Yiping believes that the current temperature is very unstable, the cold current is constant, and the frozen layer is below the earth's surface. In this case, water is difficult to infiltrate to the bottom layer and cannot rise. The effect of returning to green water. It is expected that by the end of February, wheat will gradually enter the greening period. In addition, watering at this time will have a negative effect, that is, lowering the ground temperature. Cao Yiping told reporters: "The temperature and ventilation conditions of the soil are very important for rejuvenation. At this time, watering not only reduces the ground temperature, but also affects the ventilation conditions of the soil. As a result, the returning period will be delayed." She believes that Since the current wheat seedlings have not yet sprouted, the damage caused by watering to the wheat seedlings at this time is not very large, but she also said that if farmers are blindly carrying out field management, it will certainly be detrimental to grain production.
According to the "2012 Winter Wheat Field Management Technical Opinions", in the Wangchang seedling wheat field with acreage of more than 800,000 years ago, the management of spring fertilizer and water should be dominated. The first is the repression of the rejuvenation period. This is the most effective measure to control the growth of the seedlings and transform them into strong seedlings. This year, the area of ​​the wheat seedlings is large, and we must do a good job of repression. The second is to spray the Zhuangfengan and other regulators during the period to shorten the base joints and prevent the late lodging. The third is to manage the fertilizer and water of Wang Miao according to the size of the group. The seedling wheat field without defermentation should be used to suppress seedlings in early spring, avoid excessive spring tillering, fertilize water in jointing stage, apply urea 10-15 kg per mu; for wheat fields with de-fertilization, if the group is not large, early spring The total number of stems per mu is less than 800,000, and it is topdressed and watered at the beginning of the body; if the group is too large, it will be topdressed and watered in the middle of the body, and the urea will be applied for 10-15 kg. According to the different seedlings in different places, flexible water and fertilizer management measures should also be adopted.
Media Views Farming has become a "sideline" for migrant workers, and cultivating professional farmers is imminent. This year, China's grain production is facing great pressure. Some objective conditions are difficult to change at a time. Therefore, in addition to continuing to increase basic water conservancy construction, the focus of Document No. 1 Putting forward the role of agricultural science and technology management in increasing grain production and increasing yields will be an important prerequisite for China's nine-year increase in grain production. This not only puts higher requirements on the relevant functional departments, but also requires farmers to be kind to their own land. However, as far as the current situation is concerned, it is more and more difficult to increase the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain. According to the data, the number of migrant workers abroad is 230 million, while the number of farmers who stay in rural areas is about 279 million. Moreover, women, children and the elderly, who are mainly engaged in agricultural production in rural areas, are dubbed the "Three Eight Six Six" Army. According to some surveys, the average age of farmers in some areas is over 55 years old. This situation has also directly hindered the promotion of modern agricultural new technologies.
The reporter learned that the main reason why farmers are not willing to stay on the land is that the income of migrant workers far exceeds the benefits of farming. According to Qu Shuyong, the manager of the Ministry of Finance and Employment of the Daxie Supply and Marketing Cooperative of Wucheng County, the annual net income of one mu of land is about 1,000 yuan, but the wages of migrant workers are more than 100 yuan per person per day. The price is higher, and the price per person per day is more than 200 yuan. Therefore, farmers have reduced the management of farmland in order to go out to work, or do not manage according to the normal laws of crops. Even if the peasants are not willing to give up their own land, because in their view, farming is still a guarantee of psychological security. In addition, there is no need to pay for public rations, and it is self-produced. The farming is already a “side job” for migrant workers. Some farmers can take care of them. Like the peasant, the peasant can pay for the fertilizer, and some farmers even rely on the heavens. How much is harvested. Therefore, in view of the current situation in rural areas, how to improve the "occupationality" of farmers has become an urgent problem to ensure the increase of grain production.
Document No. 1 also proposed to “strengthen education and science and technology training and comprehensively create a new team of agricultural and rural talents”, including vigorously cultivating new professional farmers. Document requirements: Provide free agricultural skills training for rural high school graduates who have not advanced their studies, and provide subsidies and loan support to eligible rural youth agriculture and entrepreneurship and migrant workers returning to their hometown projects. Through the cultivation of new professional farmers, it may bring huge changes to current agricultural production. On the one hand, farmers can increase their income without leaving the country; on the other hand, they can also add strength to China's grain production.