Orchard efficient fertilization technology

   Orchard fertilization should be based on base fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing, and timely and rationally applied according to the characteristics of fertilizer and the characteristics of different growth stages of fruit trees.

    First, determine the appropriate fertilization period.

    1. Basic fertilizer application: The application of base fertilizer in the orchard can not only improve the soil, stabilize the yield and high yield, but also make the fruit trees grow stronger and strengthen the resistance of the fruit trees. It is best to apply the base fertilizer after harvesting the fruit. Because the base fertilizer in autumn is the third growth peak of the roots of fruit trees, the roots of the digging and burrowing are the easiest to heal, and can emit new roots, which is conducive to the recovery of roots; the roots absorb water and fertilizer when the base fertilizer is applied in autumn. Increase nutrients in the tree and increase the concentration of tissue cells, which is beneficial to the cold resistance of fruit trees. The application of autumn fertilizer is beneficial to the decomposition and continuous release of organic fertilizers in winter and spring, and timely supply of flower buds to fruit trees. The application of autumn fertilizer can improve the fruit setting of trees. rate.

    2 , topdressing on demand: such as apple tree flower, spray 3 weeks after flowering, can promote the growth of flowering, fruit set and new shoots, leaves; potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the fruit tree flower bud differentiation period can increase shoot buds C/N is very beneficial to flower bud differentiation; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the late stage of fruit growth can improve fruit quality and increase fruit sugar and coloration.

    Second, choose a reasonable fertilizer ratio

     It should be based on organic fertilizer, with the application of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and organic fertilizer should account for 95% of the total fertilization . If trace element deficiency syndrome occurs in the past years, micro-fertilizer should be applied in a targeted manner. Organic fertilizer should be mainly compost, manure, garbage, humic acid fertilizer, green manure, straw, melon, grass, and can also be properly incorporated into human waste, grass ash and so on. It is worth noting that the chemical fertilizers are rich in nutrients and high in effective nutrients. They should be mixed thoroughly before they can be applied. After fertilization, they should be covered in time.

    Third, the use of scientific fertilization methods

    1. Ring groove fertilization method. Dig a 30-40 cm wide, 15-45 cm deep annular groove around the canopy , and then mix the topsoil with the base fertilizer. This method is suitable for young orchards.

    2 , radial fertilization method. In a place 1 meter away from the trunk , 6-8 radial grooves are dug , with a width of 30-60 cm and a depth of 15-45 cm, and the length reaches the outer edge of the trunk. Apply fertilizer to the ditch and cover the soil. This method is suitable for adult orchards.

    3 , strip groove fertilization method. Between the rows of fruit trees or between plants, 1-2 long strips of 50 cm wide and 40-50 cm deep are digging and then fertilized. This method is suitable for adult orchards.

    4 , point cast. Under a tree 1 meter in diameter , evenly dip 10-20 deep 40-50 cm, 30 cm upper mouth and 10 cm bottom . Fill the dead leaves with rotten leaves, cover the mouth with plastic cloth, topdress and water. This method is applicable to sandy orchards with poor water retention and poor fertility.

    5 , soil eye fertilization method. Drill the eye under the canopy and pour the diluted fertilizer into the hole to allow the fertilizer to slowly penetrate. This method is suitable for adult orchards in orchards and arid areas.

    6 , the whole garden fertilization method. Spread the fertilizer evenly throughout the garden, turn the fertilizer into the soil, and the depth is 25 cm. This method is applicable to mature trees or densely planted orchards in the root system.

    7 , with water and fertilizer. In mulch-covered saplings, the fertilizer can be dissolved into water and then applied with irrigation water.

    8 , intercropping method. Plants such as red peony, peas, yellow flowers, alfalfa, broad beans, mung beans, and soybeans between the rows of fruit trees can be deep-pressed in time to increase soil organic matter. This method has a good effect on young or mature orchards.

    9 , root (foliar) fertilization method. When the fruit tree is found to have mild malnutrition symptoms, the method of spraying the liquid fertilizer on the tree body may be adopted, and the concentration of the spray liquid fertilizer is determined according to the tree species, the age of the tree, the growth period, and the type of the fertilizer, and the spray is generally continuously sprayed 2-3 times, each interval of 7-10. day.

    10 , the trunk drilling method of fertilization. Three deep holes are drilled in the base of the trunk , and the fertilizer liquid required for the fruit tree is directly injected into the tree by a high-pressure injection machine. This method is suitable for the application of the fertilizer or the correction of the deficiency of the fruit tree.