The history of the development of aluminum and the industrialization of its production

[China Aluminum Industry Network] Aluminum has been very rare in history and is therefore extremely valuable. More than 100 years ago, in recognition of Mendeleev's outstanding contribution to chemistry, the Royal Society did not hesitate to make a trophy more expensive than gold, the aluminum cup, presented to Mendeleev. In order to show his dignity, the French emperor Napoleon III made a helmet with aluminum and became a sensational news. At the grand national feast, others use silver cutlery, and he uses a set of aluminum cutlery alone. All this shows that aluminum was an extremely expensive "rare metal" more than 100 years ago.

In fact, aluminum in the earth's crust is not rare. On the contrary, aluminum is a relatively high content of metal elements in the earth's crust. It accounts for 7.45% of the total earth's crust and is almost twice as much as the second largest iron element. Feel free to grab a handful of soil and there may be many aluminum (aluminum oxide) inside. Al-containing compounds such as feldspar, mica, kaolin, and bauxite are widely present in sandy beaches, mud and rocks. However, due to the chemical nature of aluminum, it is not easy to reduce, so it is difficult to smelt aluminum. Therefore, the use of aluminum is much later than that of gold, silver, copper, iron, and so on.

It is generally believed that there is no natural aluminum on the earth. However, in 1953, in the graves of the Jin Dynasty famous in the excavation of Yixing, Jiangsu, it was discovered that there was a metal belt around his waist, which was identified as being made of aluminum alloy containing 85% of aluminum, which surprised the world and formed Opposition to the two factions: The faction believes that the Chinese knew that the method of aluminium production was more than 1,000 years earlier than in the West, but it was lost. The faction believes that according to the state of science and technology at that time, human beings could not produce aluminum. There is fraud." In 1978, Soviet scientists discovered natural aluminum in Siberia with a content of up to 98%, but this finding was not recognized. In April 1983, natural aluminum was found in a certain granite layer in Guangxi Province of China. Because of its symbiosis with quartz, it excluded the possibility of being brought in by the outside world. It contained 96.47% aluminum, 1.538% copper, and other trace amounts of silicon and magnesium. Iron element. This result has been recognized by the International New Minerals Committee, so it can be said that the belt around the week comes from natural aluminum. However, this problem has not been unified in the scientific community until now. However, one thing is certain: Even though natural aluminum is rare in nature, humans must use aluminum for large-scale use or extract from the minerals of aluminum.

In 1886, the 23-year-old American Youth Hall (CMHall) and the French youth PL Heralt independently invented the same method for improving electrolytic aluminum production; the alumina (A12O3) was dissolved in molten cryolite ( Electrolysis was performed in Na3AlF6) (electrolyte temperature near 1000°C). After this method was put into production, the output of metallic aluminum increased rapidly and the price dropped drastically. Since then, aluminum has bid farewell to the jewelry store, into people's daily lives, and more importantly, applied to many important industries.

In honor of the American young chemist Hall invented the electrolytic aluminium production method, Hall’s alma mater, the University of Berlin’s campus, has stood his aluminum cast so far. The teachers and students of the university are proud of it; In the showcase, he still displayed the top aluminum pellets he made.

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